In this paper, we first present a new distinguisher on the CBC-MAC based on a block cipher in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode. It can also be used to distinguish other CBC-like MACs from random functions. The main results of this paper are on the secondpreimage attack on CBC-MAC and CBC-like MACs include TMAC, OMAC, CMAC, PC-MAC and MACs based on three-key encipher CBC mode. Instead of exhaust...

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether estrogen receptor (ER)-status of first primary breast cancer is associated with risk of metachronous (non-simultaneous) contralateral breast cancer (CBC), and to what extent endocrine therapy affects this association. METHODS We studied the effect of ER-status of the first cancer on the risk of CBC overall, and for different ER-subtypes of CBC, using a large, ...

In current day scenario, the need to protect information has become very important and hence the need for cryptographic algorithms is high. Here, we extend the parallel key encryption algorithm and bring out its full potential by implementing the various cryptographic modes such as cipher block chaining and interleaved cipher block chaining where commendable increase in efficiency and reduction...

Importin-alpha mediates nuclear protein import by binding nuclear localization signals and importin-beta. We find approximately 30% of SRP1p, the yeast importin-alpha, in a nuclear complex with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear cap-binding protein complex (CBC). Similarly, a large fraction of Xenopus CBC is associated with importin-alpha in the nucleus. CBC promotes nuclear export of capped ...

The incidence of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) has increased among women with breast cancer, despite uncertain survival benefit and a declining incidence of contralateral breast cancer (CBC). Patient-related reasons for undergoing CPM include an overestimation of the risk of CBC, increased cancer worry, and a desire to improve survival. We summarize the existing literature on CBC ...

AIM The estrogen receptor coactivator Amplified in Breast Cancer 1 (AIB1) has been associated with an improved response to adjuvant tamoxifen in breast cancer, but also with endocrine treatment resistance. We hereby use metachronous contralateral breast cancer (CBC) developed despite prior adjuvant tamoxifen for the first tumor as an "in vivo"-model for tamoxifen resistance. AIB1-expression in ...