OBJECTIVE Several national and international scoring systems are used to diagnose diabetic polyneuropathy (PNP). The variety in these scores and the lack of data on validity and predictive value has led to a comparison and validation of the scores with clinical standards for PNP to determine the most powerful measurement for screening. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Three matched groups were sel...

BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular reconstruction procedures run the risk of changing the balance between oxygen supply and consumption during surgery. We assessed the value of visual light spectroscopy for detecting changes in cerebral blood oxygenation (CBO) during superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis. METHODS We developed a VLS monitoring system which permits co...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to measure the valence band offset (VBO) of the w-InN/h-BN heterojunction. We find that it is a type-II heterojunction with the VBO being -0.30 ± 0.09 eV and the corresponding conduction band offset (CBO) being 4.99 ± 0.09 eV. The accurate determination of VBO and CBO is important for designing the w-InN/h-BN-based electronic devices.

We compare the performance of a subset of CBO’s economic forecasts against that of an unrestricted vector autoregression (VAR) model. We evaluate forecasts of real economic indicators as well as budget-related nominal statistics. We find that under most specifications, the VAR performs competitively with, if slightly worse than, the corresponding CBO forecasts at up to 20 quarters. Therefore, a...

The relationship between changes in cerebral blood oxygenation and neuronal activity remains to be fully established. We compared somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and evoked cerebral blood oxygenation (CBO) changes in the sensorimotor cortex of the rat. In rats anesthetized with urethane and alpha-chloralose, we measured SEP and CBO using visible light spectroscopy (VLS) during neuronal ac...

To enhance the transparency of CBO’s work and to encourage external review of that work, CBO’s working paper series includes both papers that provide technical descriptions of official CBO analyses and papers that represent original, independent research by CBO analysts. Working papers are not subject to CBO’s regular review and editing process. Papers in this series are available at http://go....

Cost-based query optimization (CBO) is a very important area for data management in general and for XML data management in particular. For native XML database management systems (XDBMS), CBO techniques are harder than for relational databases, because the underlying tree-based data model is much more complex and the relative order (document order) between XML elements (nodes) matters. In this p...

A Cell Based Optimization (CBO) algorithm is proposed which takes inspiration from the collective behavior of Cellular Slime Molds (Dictyostelium discoideum). Experiments with CBO are conducted to study the ability of simple cell-like agents to collectively manage resources across a distributed network. Cells, or agents, only have local information and can signal, move, divide, and die. Heterog...

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO), a nonpartisan agency of Congress, made official projections of the Affordable Care Act's impact on insurance coverage rates and the costs of providing subsidies to consumers purchasing health plans in the insurance marketplaces. This analysis finds that the CBO overestimated marketplace enrollment by 30 percent and marketplace costs by 28 percent, while it...