Diet can affect a spectrum of biological processes ranging from behavior to cellular metabolism. Yet, the precise role of an individual dietary constituent can be a difficult variable to isolate experimentally. A chemically defined food (CDF) permits the systematic evaluation of individual macro- and micronutrients. In addition, CDF facilitates the direct comparison of data obtained independent...

A simultaneous confidence band (SCB) for the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of a random variable can be used to assess the statistical uncertainty of the estimated cdf. Cheng and Iles (1983) presented a general approach of constructing an SCB for the cdf of a continuous random variable derived from a 100(1−α)% simultaneous confidence region (SCR) for the parameters of the distribution. ...

 The ratio of independent random variables arises in many applied problems. In this article, the distribution of the ratio X/Y is studied, when X and Y are independent Rice random variables. Ratios of such random variable have extensive applications in the analysis of noises of communication systems. The exact forms of probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF) a...

The Verigene Clostridium difficile Nucleic Acid Test (Verigene CDF Test) (Nanosphere, Northbrook, IL, USA) is a new multiplex qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test used to detect C. difficile toxin genes in fecal specimens. To evaluate the performance of the new method, we tested 69 fecal samples from patients with suspected C. difficile infection using the Verigene CDF test, an enzy...

1. Abstract We propose a reliability analysis (RA) method that obtains the probability of failure by sequentially approximating the cumulative distribution function (CDF). This method uses the concept of the first order reliability method (FORM) in estimating the probability of failure but does not solve the optimization problem to obtain the most probable point (MPP). The goal of the proposed ...

Sympathetic neurons display considerable plasticity in the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide phenotypes they express in vitro and in vivo. The cholinergic differentiation factor (CDF, also known as leukemia inhibitory factor, LIF) induces cultured rat sympathetic neurons to become cholinergic, without affecting their survival or growth. To understand the role of this factor in normal developmen...

Monocrystalline cadmium fluoride is a dielectric solid that can be converted into a semiconductor by doping with donor impurities and subsequent heating in the reduction atmosphere. For two donor elements, Ga and In, the donor ("shallow") state is a metastable one separated from the ground ("deep") state by a barrier. Photoinduced deep-to-shallow state transition underlies the photochromism of ...

We report 20 and 6 cm VLA deep observations of the CDF-S including the Extended CDF-S. We discuss the radio properties of 266 cataloged radio sources, of which 198 are above a 20 cm completeness level reaching down to 43 μJy at the center of the field. Survey observations made at 6 cm over a more limited region covers the original CDF-S to a comparable level of sensitivity as the 20 cm observat...

The concept of cdf-intervals introduced in previous work is revisited with a new domain specification, inference mechanism and implementation. A cdf-interval extends traditional convex intervals over reals with a degree of knowledge attached to the data. Instead of approximating the unknown data distribution with the nearest uniform distribution, leading to a linear cdf curve, we bound the unkn...

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death in infants between the ages of 1 and 12 months in developed countries. SIDS is by definition a diagnosis of exclusion, and its mechanism of action is unknown. The SIDS-Critical Diaphragm Failure (CDF) hypothesis postulates that the cause of death in SIDS is respiratory failure caused by CDF. Four principal risk factors contribute...