background: most cancer cells become resistant to anti-cancer agents. in the last few years, a new approach for targeted therapy of human cancer has been developed using immunotoxins which comprise both the cell targeting and the cell killing moieties. methods: in the present study, the recombinant shiga toxin a1 subunit fused to human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (a1-gm-csf...

background: sickle cell disease occurs due to a mutation in β chains and the substitution of valine instead of glutamate in the sixth position of the ß-chain that causes polymerization and vascular blockage. the aim of this study was to compare the serum c, s proteins and factor v leiden between sickle cell patients and the control group. materials and methods: in this case-control study, perfo...

Background: Erythrocytes require an ability to deform and to withstand shear stress while negotiating the microcirculation. These properties are largely due to their excess surface area per volume and the characteristics of the membrane’s protein. Deficiencies of these proteins are associated with chronic haemolysis. Methods: This was a cross sectional  study aimed at determining the prevalenc...

Background: SLC39A6 Protein (solute carrier family 39) or LIV-1 is a zinc transporter protein that is overexpressed in positive estrogen cancers such as breast cancer. The LIV-1 protein transfer zinc into the cytoplasm through the plasma membrane. Today it is known that just as a decrease in the concentration of zinc in the cell can cause cancer, an excessive increase in the concentration of zi...

the aberrant assembly of proteins into fibrillar aggregates is accused to be the primary cause of pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. but the structural determinants of protein fibrils that are responsible for cell dysfunction are not yet clear. in the current study, cell culture, spectroscopic techniques as well as theoretical and structural investigations were used to determine the ab...

protein memories are novel technologies which use the hidden abilities of bacteria proteins and biological molecules in order to the electronic processes. four decades before baceriorhdopsin ( br) protein was extracted from the membrane of halobacerinum salina rum found in high salt water depositions after its original discovery in 1967. in this study, for immobilizing the protein a film has be...

Background and Objective: Biomaterials and nanomaterials have generated a great opportunity in regenerative medicine. Neurological disorders can result in permanent and severe derangement in motor and sensory functions. This study was conducted to examine the effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) as a chemical inducer for differentiation of PC12 cells into sympathetic-like neurons characte...

objective: menstrual blood stromal stem cells (mbscs) share some phenotypic and functional similarities with mesenchymal stem cells (mscs). mscs are shown to inhibit either the function or generation of different immune cells, including dendritic cells (dcs). however, data regarding mbscs’ potential effects on immune system cells are elusive. here, we examine whether mbscs affect the generation...

evidence acquisition the fifty two significant articles discussing the stem cell in chronic myeloid leukemia from 1996 to 2012 were selected according to the authors’ experience. results studies have shown that primitive cml cells are less responsive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tkis) and are a reservoir for the relapse of multi drug resistant (mdr). conclusions following that, minimal residu...