Portland cement is the one of the main ingredients in the manufacture of many building materials include concrete composites. The phase composition of hydration products is controlled by means of XRD and DTA/TG analysis. Observations of phase changes and microstructure of maturing cement pastes can also be observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques combined with chemical analy...

Green concrete is a concept of thinking environment into concrete considering every aspect from raw materials manufacture over mixture design to structural design, construction and service life. Green concrete is a type of concrete which resembles the conventional concrete but the production or usage of such concrete requires minimum amount of energy and causes least harm to the environment. Si...