Multiply sectioned Bayesian networks (MSBNs) provide a framework for probabilistic reasoning in a complex single user oriented system as well as in a cooperative multi-agent distributed interpretation system. During the construction or dynamic formation of a MSBN, automatic verification of the acyclicity of the overall structure is desired. Well known algorithms for acyclicity test assume a cen...

This paper investigates the centralized resource allocation with centralized structures by using the data envelopment analysis-ratio (DEA-R) models. To this end, it proposes a method to determine the resource allocation of centralized structures such that the ratio of inputs to outputs are minimized.

A semigroup is said to be power centralized if for any pair of elements there exists a power of the first one commuting with the second one. We describe the structure of power centralized groups and semigroups. In particular, we present several characterizations of periodic semigroups with central idempotents.

The objective of this paper is to examine the standing and thinking of regional planning in the country’s planning system with an emphasis on national development plans. It intends to see to what extent and how this objective has been achieved or this type of thinking has been incorporated into development plans. By scrutinizing these plans both in pre-and post-revolutionary periods, the paper ...

This study contributes to the literature on supply chain coordination by coordinating the research and development (R&D) effort, retail price, and inventory decisions. It investigates a real case in the home appliance industry. The main purpose of this study is to examine the optimal values of R&D effort, pricing, and inventory decisions under decentralized and centralized structures. Then, a d...

While one-site, one-instance implementation was the common practice during the infancy of ERP systems, the growing business trend towards globalization and the advancement of ERP and telecommunication technology have increased the popularity of centralized single-instance ERP systems among multinational corporations. The ERP distribution decision in MNCs has been mainly associated with the corp...

Prevailing research on IT governance suggests that a large and increasing majority of multi-divisional organizations utilize a federal model of organization. Contingencies that influence a choice of centralized, decentralized or federal model include the organizational structure, business unit scope and the absorptive capacity of the business unit (Sambamurthy & Zmud 1999). Given the attention ...

Probabilistic approaches to computer vision typically assume a centralized setting, with the algorithm granted access to all observed data points. However, many problems in wide-area surveillance can benefit from distributed modeling, either because of physical or computations constraints. In this work we present an approach to estimation and learning of generative probabilistic models in a dis...