The blood-brain barrier regulates the flow of ions, chemicals, and cells by acting as a conduit between blood cerebral tissue. Additionally, it shields brain against pathogen invasion immune cell infiltration. It is composed endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytic end feet, perivascular macrophages, microglial which help in maintaining its integrity. There are various signaling pathways that a...

Cerebral malaria, one of the most serious complications of Plasmodium falciparum infection, is characterized by the sequestration of parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs) in cerebral microvascular beds. The precise mechanisms involved in the onset of neuropathology remain unknown, but parasite sequestration in the brain, metabolic disturbances, and host immune responses all play a role. Sequestra...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which forms the interface between the blood and the cerebral parenchyma, has been shown to be disrupted during retroviral-associated neuromyelopathies. Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1) Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with BBB breakdown. The BBB is composed of three cell ty...

background and purpose: during recent years, nitric oxide (no) has been considered as a molecule involved in migraine headaches. this free radical involves in initiation of migraine headaches via no/cgmp signaling pathway and vascular relaxation specially big intracranial arteries. therefore, we studied the effects of aqueous extract of origanum vulgare and melilotus officinalis prescribed in m...

introduction: endothelial cells are subjected to mechanical forces caused by pulsatile flow and pressure leading to hemodynamic shear stress and circumferential stress on endothelial layer. the study aimed at a quantitative evaluation of endothelial cell morphology by application of cyclic loading. endothelial cells respond to applied loads with adaptation and remodeling. such mechanisms are ma...

Background: The role of nitric oxide (NO) of endothelial or neuronal origins in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries are far from being settled, extending from being important to not having any role at all.  Objective: To investigate the role of NO of endothelial and neuronal origins in ischemia/reperfusion injuries in focal cerebral ischemia, L-NAME, a non selective NO synthase inhibitor...

human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hbmscs) have the potential to differentiate into cells such as adipocyte, osteocyte, hepatocyte and endothelial cells. in this study, the differentiation of hbmscs into endothelial like-cells was induced in presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and insulin-like growth factor (igf-1). the differentiated endothelial cells were exam...

introduction as a tumor grows, the demand for oxygen and nutrients increases and it grows further if acquires the ability to induce angiogenesis. in this study, we aimed to present a two-dimensional continuous mathematical model for avascular tumor growth, coupled with a discrete model of angiogenesis. materials and methods in the avascular growth model, tumor is considered as a single mass, wh...

purpose: to evaluate the effect of human amniotic fluid (haf) on the growth of human corneal endothelial cells (hcecs) and to establish an in vitro method for the expansion of hcecs. methods: hcecs were cultured in dmem-f12 supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (fbs). confluent monolayer cultures were trypsinized and passaged using 20% fbs- or 10%, 20%, or 30% haf-containing media. cell prol...