BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It has already been proved that procainamide potentiates the neuromuscular blockade of d-tubocurarine; however, the mechanism of this potentiation is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of procainamide on the neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium and investigate the mechanisms of this interaction. METHODS Fifteen rats (250 to 300 ...

Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) (GA) and other flavanoids are extensively used in nutraceuticals because of their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. While examining whether GA is effective in alleviating valproic-acid-induced teratogenesis in a chicken embryo model (CEM), we observed embryo hemorrhage and liposis in the musculi longissimus cervicis. We conducted this study ...

The Mm. interspinales of man have been studied by Eisler (1912) and Virchow (1914-a) for Europeans, by Loth (1912) and Lanz (1922) for negroes, by Nishi (1921) for the Japanese, by Kurz (1922) for Chinese newborn and by Shindo (1930) for the Ainu, but all of these reports were based upon a small number of cases except for the study by Nishi. In the report of Nishi (1921), the Mm. dorsi proprii ...

Study Design Reliability study. Purpose To examine the reliability of novice and experienced raters for measurements of the size and composition of the cervical extensor muscles using a thresholding technique. Overview of Literature Although some authors have reported on the dependability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the cervical muscles, there remains some variabilit...

background: forward head posture (fhp) is recognized as a common postural disorder of modern societies. increase in anterior cervical convexity and anterior displacement of the line of gravity of head in individuals with fhp is assumed to result in altered moment arms and muscle activity on cervical spine. measurement of muscle thickness seems to be an appropriate index for muscle activity. thi...

39 This study investigated the behaviour of motor units in the semispinalis cervicis 40 muscle. Intramuscular EMG recordings were obtained unilaterally at levels C2 and C5 in 15 41 healthy volunteers (7 women) who performed isometric neck extensions at 5, 10, and 20% of 42 the maximal force (MVC) for 2 min each, and linearly-increasing force contractions from 0 to 43 30% MVC over 3 s. Individua...

The neuromuscular activity ofMicrurus pyrrochryptus venom was studied in chick biventer cervicis (BC) and mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) preparations. The venom (0.5-50μg/ml) caused irreversible, time- and concentration-dependent blockade, with BC being more sensitive than PND (50% blockade with 10μg/ml in 22±;3min and 62±4min, respectively; mean±SEM, n=6; p<0.05). In BC preparations, veno...