How did I get to become a cell biologist? Or, more generally, why do things happen the way they do? The answer provided by the philosopher Democritus and later adopted by Jacques Monod is "everything existing in the universe is the fruit of chance and necessity." While I read Monod's book Chance and Necessity as an undergraduate student, little did I appreciate the accuracy of this citation and...

Introduction captured by our uncertainty calculi. Finally Cij is the The purpose this work is to discuss and investigate payoff to the decision maker if he selects alternative Ai the potential role of possibility theory [1-4] and other and V assumes the value Xj. One approach for non-standard uncertainty calculi, such as the Dempsterselecting the best alternative in this decision problem is Sha...

We present a preference foundation for Chance Theory (CT), a model of decision making under uncertainty where the evaluation of an act depends distinctively on its lowest outcome. This outcome is evaluated with the riskless value function  and the potential increments over it are evaluated by subjective expected utility with a risky utility function . In contrast to earlier approaches with mo...

Chance theory is put forward as a tool to deal with a complex system including randomness and uncertainty. As a fundamental concept in chance theory, uncertain random variable is an extension of random variable and uncertain variable. This paper obtains a new law of large numbers for independent uncertain random variables but not necessarily identically distributed.

Chance is a broad concept which has become an important factor in linking science and art in the twentieth century. Simultaneously, concept emerged as a new scientific paradigm in Arts by Henry Poincaré and especially Marcel Duchamp, who has affected many artists such as John Cage, one of aleatoric music pioneers .This paper investigates the differences and similarities of the chance concept in...

This paper argues that the Humean theory of chance is formally adequate in the sense that it satisfies the axioms of finitely additive probability. To this end, firstly, a functionalist account of chance is defended, according to which chance is a functional property and the function relevant to chance is to constrain an agent’s credence in the manner prescribed by David Lewis’s Principal Princ...

background: adequate self-care in diabetes causes quality of life promotion and decreases the number of inpatient cases. the health locus of control theory is used to assess adherence to diabetes regimen in some studies in developed countries. the purpose of this study was to determine the status of diabetes locus of control in a sample of diabetic patients in iran and investigation of it's rel...