Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the most popular and versatile material for soft lithography due to its flexibility and easy fabrication by molding process. However, for nanoscale patterns, it is challenging to fill uncured PDMS into the holes or trenches on the master mold that is coated with a silane anti-adhesion layer needed for clean demolding. PDMS filling was previously found to be facili...

Steel is mainly produced through continuous casting; molten steel flows into the mold from tundish, where it cools and then enters secondary cooling zone, ultimately solidifying a billet. During casting production process, quality of billet related to lubrication state coated slag. In upper part mold, consumption liquid protective slag directly affects friction initial solidified shell. Therefo...

Fuel cells constitute one of the most promising sources of clean energy for the 21 century and bipolar plate is an important component of a PEM fuel cell. Polymers filled with conducting fibers have been chosen as a candidate material for bipolar plates which needs to fulfill the surface conductivity requirement. In the present paper, effect of processing parameters including melt temperature, ...

In this study, acoustophoresis and dielectrophoresis are utilized in an integrated manner to combine the two different operations on a single polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip in sequential manner, namely, particle wash (buffer exchange) and particle separation. In the washing step, particles are washed with buffer solution with low conductivity for dielectrophoretic based separation to avoid th...

We present a generic way of forming various complex polymeric microstructures using physical self-organization and capillary dynamics. A simple lithographic tool called capillary force lithography is utilized for this purpose, in which the pattern formation is driven by capillary force, not involving any external force or modification. In this method, a patterned polydimethylsiloxane mold is pl...

this study seeks to examine how a company can select the best intermediary for its marketing channels with minimum of criteria and time. a theoretical framework is proposed based on the most important tasks of intermediary and the criteria to measure them. there are four basic tasks and thirty criteria in three independent levels. subsequently, an exploratory case study in iranian food industry...

background: the effect of mold fungi to allergic sensitization is not well-known. we aimed to evaluate the role of molds in the relation between indoor environment and atopy in asthmatics. materials and methods:the air samples obtained from 66 stable asthmaticsand 35 control subject’shouses were sprayed into sabouraud dextrose agar. allergy skin testing were performed both groups. the tempera...

Results from mathematical models and plant experiments are combined to quantify the effect of transverse depressions and oscillation marks on heat transfer in the continuous casting mold. A heat transfer model has been developed to calculate transient heat conduction within the solidifying steel, coupled with the steady-state heat conduction with the continuous casting mold wall. The model feat...