Forty-five patients have been studied. They were chosen at random, except for their sex. The problem of finding a chaperon in a busy female, ward made it difficult to study many women. Once it was found that changes identical to those already observed in men occurred in the first three women studied (Cases 14, 26, and 39), it was decided that sex was not significant and the remainder of the stu...

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), a major pathogen of concern for grouper aquaculture, has a dsDNA genome with 162 predicted open reading frames, of which a total of 62 SGIV proteins have been identified. One of these, ORF158L, bears no sequence homology to any other known protein. Knockdown of orf158L using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides resulted in a significant decrease of virus yi...

Single-stranded RNA molecules fold intensively into secondary and tertiary structures and are often trapped in non-functional configurations. To adapt a functional configuration, structural changes have to be achieved. RNA helicases and RNA chaperones are proteins able to assist those structural rearrangements in an ATP-dependent or ATP-independent manner, respectively. The cancer-associated RN...

THE MEMBERS OFTHE HSP70 FAMILY ...................................••......................................... 298 Unfolding Is Required for Membrane Translocation of Proteins ............................... 299 Cytoso/ic Hsp70 Stabilizes Precursor Proteins for Translocation.............................. 300 Organellar Hsp70 in Protein Translocation and Folding .....................................

Aldosterone (Aldo) is critically involved in the development of renal injury via the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is also evoked in Aldo-induced renal injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of ER stress in inflammation-mediated renal injury in Aldo-infused mice. C57BL/6J mice were randomized to receive treatment for 4 ...

Viruses rely on host chaperone network to support their infection. In particular, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident chaperones play key roles in synthesizing and processing viral proteins. Influx of a large amount of foreign proteins exhausts the folding capacity in ER and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). A fully-executed UPR comprises signaling pathways that induce ER foldin...