Municipal compost sample was pyrolyzed to produce compost char as a sorbent for removing the herbicide atrazine from solution. The compost-based char was compared with an activated carbon derived from corn stillage. When compost was pyrolyzed, the char yield was greater than 45% when heated under air, and 52% when heated under N2. In contrast, when the corn stillage was pyrolyzed under N2, the ...

This review critically examines char conversion kinetics in oxidizing or reducing atmosphere. In kinetic analysis the devolatilization of biomass and the conversion of char are usually investigated by means of separate experiments, although some kinetic models are also available of biomass combustion. The large majority of the char conversion kinetics consists of a global reaction with activati...

The structural evolution of rice husk char particles during steam gasification was studied by ultimate analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscope, N(2) physisorption method and X-ray diffraction. Drastic changes in char structure occurred even when the char conversion was minimal. The C, H and O content decreased by more than 85%, 67% and 9...

The technologies of treating acid mine drainage (AMD) commonly include active and passive treatment. The coating technology can enhance the removal performance of some low-cost adsorbents. This study adopted Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm to fit the batch experimental dates. The results show that the Qmax of coated bone char could increase 78.83 times than uncoated bone char. However, the coa...

Since the appearing probability of each English symbol P (a), ...P (b), ...P (” ”), ..., P (; ) is not uniform, we should be able to reduce the number of required bits. Based on the probability of each English symbol, we can compute the entropy H(E) ∼= 4.5 bits / char. If we use Huffman coding taught in this lecture to encode English keyboard, then we only need around 4.7 bits / char. Furthermo...

The trophic ecology (diet and headmorphology) andmigration patterns of two closely related salmonid fishes, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758)) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792)), were examined in tributaries of Lake Aleknagik, southwestern Alaska, to test for differentiation between species. Schoener’s index of proportional overlap andmultivariate analyses of diets sug...

It has been observed that certain char particles shrink when oxidized under kinetically limited conditions, instead of reacting at constant diameter, as expected. This study was perfonned to determine whether or not char from PSOC 1451 coal, prepared at different temperatures would also shrink during low temperature gasification. Coal chars, formed at l 200K and 1600K, were levitated in the ele...

Carbonization is a kind of pyrolysis process to produce char from organic materials under an inert atmosphere. In this work, chars derived from various solid wastes were characterized from the standpoint of fuel recovery and pretreatment of waste before landfilling. Sixteen kinds of municipal and industrial solid wastes such as residential combustible wastes, non-combustible wastes, bulky waste...

The successful migration of euryhaline teleost fish from freshwater to seawater requires the upregulation of gill Na+-K+-ATPase, an ion transport enzyme located in the basolateral membrane (BLM) of gill chloride cells. Following 39 days of seawater exposure, Arctic char had similar plasma sodium and chloride levels as individuals maintained in freshwater, indicating they had successfully acclim...