Droplets are frequently observed to move as if they were solid rather than liquid, i.e., with no slip at the liquid-liquid interface. This behavior is usually explained in terms of the so-called “stagnant cap” model, in which surfactants accumulate at the trailing edge of the droplet, immobilizing the surface and increasing the observed drag coefficient. Here, we show that the drag coefficient ...

The coalescence process of oppositely charged drops for different electrical conductivities of liquids is presented. When the electrical conductivity was relatively low, oppositely charged drops failed to coalesce under sufficiently high electrical fields and capillary ripples were formed on the surfaces of droplets after rebound. For a high electrically conductive liquid, it was found that a c...

We investigate properties of minimizers a variational model describing the shape charged liquid droplets. The model, proposed by Muratov and Novaga, takes into account regularizing effect due to screening free counterionions in droplet. In particular we prove partial regularity minimizers, first step toward understanding further minimizers.

The charge of bubbles in aqucous solution is important in detemlining their interactions with particles, droplets, and other bubbles. While bubbles are known to be negatively charged in such media as water and sodium chloride solutions, they are found here to exhibit unusual positive surface charge chamcteristics in solutions of trivalent aluminum cations. Analysis of the results indicates that...

Electrospray is the technique to soft-ionize liquids by applying a high electric potential to a liquid meniscus. The liquid meniscus is deformed into a cone [1], and charged species are emitted from its apex. The emission can be solvated ions, charged droplets, or a mix of the two. This low-divergence charged species source can be used in diverse applications such as mass spectrometry, propulsi...

This study explores the interactions underlying the IR spectra of the ionic liquid [NC4111][NTf2] and its deuterated isotopomer [d9-NC4111][NTf2] by first isolating the spectra of charged ionic building blocks using mass-selective CIVP spectroscopy and then following the evolution of these bands upon sequential assembly of the ionic constituents. The spectra of the (1,1) and (2,2) neutral ion p...

The development and illustrative applications of an ambient ionization technique termed Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization (V-EASI) is described. Its dual mode of operation with Venturi self-pumping makes V-EASI applicable to the direct mass spectrometric analysis of both liquid (V(L)-EASI) and solid (V(S)-EASI) samples. V-EASI is simple and easy to assemble, operating solely via the a...

Ionic-liquid ion sources produce beams of charged particles through evaporation and acceleration ions droplets from the surface an ionic liquid. The composition emitted beam can impact performance for various applications such as focused microfabrication space propulsion. Numerical inference is considered quantification ionic-liquid source determining current fraction different species along wi...