OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to examine use of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) as an autism-specific screening instrument in a large, geographically diverse pediatrics-based sample. METHODS The M-CHAT and the M-CHAT Follow-Up (M-CHAT/F) were used to screen 18,989 toddlers at pediatric well-child visits in 2 US geographic regions. Pediatricians directly referre...

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) synthesizes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons, and mutations of this enzyme are linked to the neuromuscular disorder congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS). One CMS-related mutation, V18M, reduces ChAT enzyme activity and cellular protein levels, and is located within a highly-conserved N-terminal proline-rich motif at residues 14PKLPVPP20....

Chat language refers to the special human language widely used in the community of digital network chat. As chat language holds anomalous characteristics in forming words, phrases, and non-alphabetical characters, conventional natural language processing tools are ineffective to handle chat language text. Previous research shows that knowledge based methods perform less effectively in processin...

BACKGROUND Myenteric interneurones are involved in the reflexes that control the motility of the human colon. AIMS The distribution of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity in myenteric interneurones was investigated in this study. METHODS DiI (1,1'- didodecyl 3,3,3',3'-indocarbocyanine perchlorate) was applied to the myenteric plexus of the human...

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme that synthesizes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), is thought to be present in kinetic excess in cholinergic neurons. The rate-limiting factor in ACh production is the provision of choline to ChAT. Cholinergic neurons are relatively unique in their expression of the choline transporter 1 (CHT1), which exhibits high-affinity for choline and ca...

The mouse gastro-intestinal and biliary tract mucosal epithelia harbor choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive brush cells with taste cell-like traits. With the aid of two transgenic mouse lines that express green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the ChAT promoter (EGFP (ChAT) ) and by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry we found that EGFP (ChAT) cells were clu...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine use of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) as an autismspecific screening instrument in a large, geographically diverse pediatrics-based sample. METHODS: The M-CHATand the M-CHAT Follow-Up (M-CHAT/F) were used to screen 18 989 toddlers at pediatric well-child visits in 2 US geographic regions. Pediatricians directly referred ...

One method for analyzing textual chat transcripts is a process called coding, whereby individual lines of chat, or blocks of chat, are assigned a topical label. This task is typically performed by humans, and takes a great deal of time. Automated analyses can reduce the amount of time it takes to code chat transcripts, and this paper presents the performance of the Naïve Bayes and Viterbi algor...