The primary dilemma in evolutionarily stable mutualisms is that natural selection for cheating could overwhelm selection for cooperation. Cheating need not entail parasitism; selection favours cheating as a quantitative trait whenever less-cooperative partners are more fit than more-cooperative partners. Mutualisms might be stabilised by mechanisms that direct benefits to more-cooperative indiv...

Objective. To assess the prevalence, methods, and motivations for didactic cheating among pharmacy students and to determine predictive factors for cheating in pharmacy colleges and schools. Methods. A 45-item cross-sectional survey was conducted at all four doctor of pharmacy programs in Northern California. For data analysis, t test, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression were used. Resul...

In this article cheating in network and specifically online computer games is looked into as a moral offence. Reasons for the public ignoring the issue are brought forth. We present what could be considered as cheating in generic terms and in context. Different kinds of cheating are delineated, and remedies proposed. We also identify what is not cheating.

Cheating detection in linear secret sharing is considered. The model of cheating extends the Tompa-Woll attack and includes cheating during multiple (unsuccessful) recovery of the secret. It is shown that shares in most linear schemes can be split into subshares. Subshares can be used by participants to trade perfectness of the scheme with cheating prevention. Evaluation of cheating prevention ...

P2P-based massive multi-player online games (MMOGs) use information dissemination overlays for exchanging game control and position updates among players or peers. Although these overlays are massively scalable and accommodate highly dynamic peers, yet they are prune to deliberate perturbations or cheating by adversaries. Cheating in MMOGs lead to poor quality of gaming services, unavailability...

Gossip-based protocol has been widely adopted by many large-scale multicast applications. In this paper, we study the impact of node cheating on decentralized gossip-based protocol. We mainly focus on two cheating strategies, one is to increase the subscription request sending times, and the other is to increase the PartialView size. We establish a cheating model of nodes for gossip-based proto...

Cheating behavior has been a serious problem in dental institutions across the globe. Attitudes of dental students have an impact on the quality of health care provided to their patients. This descriptive cross-sectional study had the following objectives: to assess and compare the attitudes of dental students and teachers about cheating behaviors, to assess students' opinions of various justif...

virtual learning is a new idea that has gotten a new form with the emergence of new technologies such as the wireless networks. the mobile phone (cell phone) is a device that is used by most people nowadays. therefore, one can use the mobile phone for virtual learning on a wide scale. one of the popular and at the same time simple and inexpensive services on the mobile phone is the sms (short m...

Visual Secret Sharing (VSS), first invented by Naor and Shamir, is a variant of secret sharing. In the literature, VSS schemes have many applications, including visual authentication and identification, steganography, and image encryption. Moreover, VSS schemes provide the secure services in communications. In 2010, De Prisco and De Santis deeply discussed the problem of cheating in VSS, gave t...

BACKGROUND Academic cheating does not happen as an isolated action of an individual but is most often a collaborative practice. As there are few studies that looked at who are collaborators in cheating, we investigated medical students' readiness to engage others in academic dishonest behaviours. METHODS In a cross-sectional survey study in Zagreb, Croatia, 592 medical students from the first...