Ocean chemistry and carbonate sedimentation link Earth's climate, carbon cycle, marine pH. The system in seawater is complex there are large uncertainties key parameters deep time. Here, we sedimentary textures formed arid coastal environments preserved the rock record to past chemistry. Prior mid-Mesozoic, tepee structures pisoids – features associated with peritidal co-vary available shelf ar...

Vegetation emits large quantities of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC). At remote sites, these compounds are the dominant precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production, yet current field studies show that atmospheric models have difficulty in capturing the observed HOx cycle and concentrations of BVOC oxidation products. In this manuscript, we simulate BVOC chemist...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Keywords: seawater chemistry Cenozoic climate global carbon cycle magnesium isotopes Cooling of Earth's climate over the Cenozoic has been accompanied by large changes in the magnesium and calcium content of seawater whose origins remain enigmatic. The processes that control these changes affect the magnesium isotopic composition of seawater, rendering it a...

Venous blood gas and chemistry reference ranges were determined for commercial Hy-Line W-36 pullets and laying hens utilizing the portable i-STAT®1 analyzer and CG8+ cartridges. A total of 632 samples were analyzed from birds between 4 and 110 wk of age. Reference ranges were established for pullets (4 to 15 wk), first cycle laying hens (20 to 68 wk), and second cycle (post molt) laying hens (7...

The evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere is essentially the story of atmospheric oxygen. Virtually every realm of the Earth sciences–biology, geology, geochemistry, oceanography and atmospheric science–is needed to piece together an understanding of the history of oxygen. Over the past decade, new data from these fields has shown that there were two significant increases in atmospheric O2 levels...

Applying green chemistry principles while combining ecological risk assessment and life cycle approaches facilitates sustainable design for down-the-drain consumer products.

The restricted partial-cycle-index (RPCI) method has been developed by starting from the partial-cycle-index (PCI) method of the unit-subduced-cycle-index (USCI) approach (S. Fujita, “Symmetry and Combinatorial Enumeration in Chemistry”, Springer-Verlag (1991)), where enumerated derivatives are generated by means of vertex substitution (monodentate ligands) and/or edge substitution (bidentate l...

The chemical complexity of decomposing plant litter is a central feature shaping the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle, but explanations of the origin of this complexity remain contentious. Here, we ask: How does litter chemistry change during decomposition, and what roles do decomposers play in these changes? During a long-term (730 days) litter decomposition experiment, we tracked concurrent chang...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design a biorhythm management model for Iranian public school principals with a fuzzy Delphi approach. Methodology: The design of the present study was qualitative with fuzzy Delphi method. Statistical population, professors of organizational behavior management in universities of Mazandaran province and senior managers of education departments in citi...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract A transient model simulation from 1960 to 2000 with the coupled climate-chemistry model (CCM) ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM shows a stratospheric water vapor trend during the last two decades of +0.7 ppmv and additionally a short-term increase during volcanic erup...