Chemokines mediate their multiple effects by binding to a variety of specific receptors, that comprise a subfamily of rhodopsin-like, 7-transmembrane domain receptors, coupled to G proteins. Some of these receptors serve as coreceptors for HIV, some of them could be expressed as markers for T lymphocyte functional differentiation. This review aims at summarising data on chemokine receptors, the...

Chemokines and their counterpart, chemokine receptors, are a group of molecules that play a key role in regulating the trafficking of cells throughout the body. Cells that express chemokine receptors are attracted to tissues with a high concentration of the respective chemokines. Activation of chemokine pathways exerts beneficial effects on cell survival and proliferation and thereby supports t...

Background and Aims : Proprotein convertase subtilin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protease that gained importance in cardiovascular biology due to its regulatory action on the low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). However, PCSK9 can also act independent of LDLR cause vascular pathologies. We hypothesized affects expression chemokine-receptors CXCR4, CCR8, CCR5 CCR2 inflammatory cytokines, all m...

Chemokine receptors belong to the transmembrane G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Although a major physiological role of chemokine receptors is for host defense by recruitment of lymphocytes to inflammatory sites, they are now found to be involved in more processes such as virus infection, tumor genesis and metastasis, and embryologic development. In this review, we show an overall pict...

This review focuses on the construction and application of structural chemokine receptor models for the elucidation of molecular determinants of chemokine receptor modulation and the structure-based discovery and design of chemokine receptor ligands. A comparative analysis of ligand binding pockets in chemokine receptors is presented, including a detailed description of the CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5, C...

Chemokines and their receptors are key regulators of leukocyte migration and intra-tissue accumulation under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Regulation of chemokine-dependent responses, particularly those relating to inflammation, is essential to avoid the development of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. Recently, a new subfamily of chemokine receptors referred to as the 'a...

Chemokine receptors regulate cell migration and homing. They belong to the rhodopsin-like family of GPCRs. Their ancestor genes emerged in the early stages of vertebrate evolution. Since then, the family has been greatly expanded through whole and segmental genome duplication events. During evolution, many amino acid changes have been introduced in individual chemokine receptors, but certain mo...

Chemokine receptor tyrosine sulfation plays a key role in the binding of chemokines. It has been suggested that is heterogeneous, but no experimental evidence provided so far. The potent anti-HIV chemokine analog 5P12-RANTES proposed to owe its inhibitory activity capacity bind larger pool cell surface CCR5 receptors than native chemokines such as CCL5, molecular details underlying this phenome...

Chemokine receptors, a subclass of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), play essential roles in the human immune system, they are involved in cancer metastasis as well as in HIV-infection. A plethora of studies show that homo- and heterodimers or even higher order oligomers of the chemokine receptors CXCR4, CCR5, and CCR2 modulate receptor function. In addition, membrane cholesterol affects che...