The "NPD ratio," widely used by yeast geneticists, is of limited applicability and is prone to falsely indicate significant crossover interference in a chi-square test. A simple, better chi-square test for interference in two-factor crosses is described.

This paper describes how the use of bicycle helmets in Sweden has changed for different categories of cyclists from 1988 to 2002, and it also estimates future trends in voluntary wearing of bicycle helmets up to the year 2010. Observational studies of the use of bicycle helmets were conducted once a year from 1988 to 2002 at 157 sites in 21 cities. The subjects observed were children cycling to...

The multinomial Dirichlet distribution was used to study the effect of correlation between observations in a sample on the frequency of rejection of the Hardy--Weinberg Law when in fact it was true in the population being sampled. It was shown that the usual X2 goodness-of-fit test of Hardy--Weinberg is very sensitive to non-multinomial sampling. In view of the lack of statistical power of the ...

The common formula used for converting a chi-square test into a correlation coefficient for use as an effect size in meta-analysis has a hidden assumption which may be violated in specific instances, leading to an overestimation of the effect size. A corrected formula is provided.

Social activities are an important aspect of health and quality of life of the aging population. They are key elements in the prevention of loneliness. In order to create living environments that stimulate older adults to engage in social activities, more insight is needed in the social activity patterns of the aging population. This study therefore analyzes the heterogeneity in older adults' p...

BACKGROUND To examine the seasonality of suicides in Australia and New Zealand during the period 1981 to 1993. METHODS A chi-square test and a harmonic analysis were used to detect the seasonality of the suicide data. RESULTS The reduced amplitude and a smaller proportion of variance accounted for by seasonality suggested the seasonal effect on suicide is greatly diminished. The absence of ...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to identify technical item flaws in the multiple choice questions submitted for the final exams for the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. METHODS This descriptive analytical study was carried out in Islamic International Medical College (IIMC). The Data was collected from the MCQ's submitted by the faculty for the final exams for the year 2009, 2010 and 2011. T...

The right research framework is the only way to lead us to become champions in our respective disciplines and certainly to be recognized as an excellent referral center of knowledge for the world. Deming, a well-known quality guru, has defined two research frameworks, namely enumerative study and analytic study. They are totally different in their applications and implications. He criticizes an...

1) Be able to perform the key steps to hypothesis testing 2) Understand the concept and use of the alpha value 3) Understand in general terms how the p value is derived 4) Correctly interpret the p value 5) Distinguish between type I and type II error 6) Understand the relationships among sample size, power, type I and type II error 7) Have a general notion of the concept of power as it relates...