The complexity of childhood development is exemplified in the variability of development that is seen across tasks and individuals. Furthermore, variability in performance is omnipresent within individuals across repetitions of a task and across individuals performing the same task. Previously, this variability was thought to reflect error of measurement or error of execution. On this account, ...

& 2014 Publ Since its beginning 40 years ago, the Children’s Defense Fund (CDF) has recognized that children don’t come in pieces and has pursued a mission to ensure all children a healthy start, a head start, a fair start, a safe start, and a moral start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities. So, I am very encouraged to see the Community G...

Background There is a knowledge gap on the effect of early childhood deworming on development in low- and middle-income countries. This evidence is important in the critical window of growth and development before two years of age. Methods A randomized controlled trial of the benefit, and optimal timing and frequency, of deworming on development was conducted in Iquitos, Peru. Children were e...

Normal childhood development and growth is affected by such factors as genetics, nutrition, and multiple familial and social factors. In large urban settings, children are constantly exposed to varying amounts of assorted toxic chemicals both inside and outside the home. Many of these contaminants are suspected to be associated with developmental alterations. The heterogeneity of risk factors i...

Background The initial years of life particularly the first two years are regarded as the most important brain development period. The development of children is an important determinant of health throughout the whole of life. We aimed to evaluate an educational program to improve the fine motor skills of 18-month-old ...

The use of spanking as a discipline technique is quite prevalent, even though whether or not to spank children is controversial among lay and professional audiences alike. Considerable research on the topic has been analyzed in several reviews of the literature that often reach different and sometimes opposite conclusions. Opposing conclusions are not inherently problematic as research develops...

the aim of the current study was to explain the way culture influences the development of children based on the theory of developmental niche. for this, a library based method was conducted. the current research concluded that culture organizes the environmental factors influencing child development. hence, organized factors impact development more likely than unorganized ones. the theory gives...

objective: parental self-efficacy is associated with increasing mental health in children. there is a paucity of research in iran on the role of parental self-efficacy in increasing mental health status of children. in this preliminary study, we studied the effectiveness of the world health organization international child development program (2002) for children aged 3 years and younger in incr...