A multimedia instruction that integrates different types of media is a way to maximize learning effectiveness, and three-dimensional lessons through a variety of multimedia will be able to offer a more realistic education as an innovative alternative to one-sided, lecture-oriented instruction. The growth of computer engineering has an extremely positive effect on early childhood education as we...

A t the beginning of kindergarten, the math and reading achievement gaps between children in the bottom and top income quintiles amount to more than a full standard deviation. Early childhood education programs provide child care services and may facilitate the labor market careers of parents, but their greatest potential value is as a human capital investment in young children, particularly ch...

Young children with significant disabilities CAN make developmental and social gains when they are served in inclusive community settings. This paper describes what we learned from our study of the practices implemented to successfully include young children with significant disabilities. “Successfully included,” for this study, means that the child made progress on IFSP outcomes or IEP goals; ...

BACKGROUND Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is known to affect cardio-metabolic disease risk. However, the relationship between childhood SES and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains uncertain. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between childhood SES, as measured by maternal education and occupational status and adult-onset MetS in the Korean population. METHODS We examined the asso...

Background Globally, there has been increasing recognition of the importance of early childhood care and education programs as a mechanism by which to support children’s healthy development (e.g., Flottman and Page 2012; Heckman and Masterov 2007; May 2008). Accordingly, many of the world’s economic and educational institutions have invested in the expansion of early childhood education program...

BACKGROUND A large literature has developed researching the origins of socioeconomic gradients in child health in developed countries. Particularly, this research examines the age at which these gradient effects emerge and how they change across different stages of childhood. However, similar research on developing countries is limited. METHODS This paper examines the socioeconomic gradients ...