In order to examine the effects of intimate marital relationships upon self-reported rearing styles towards a young child, 118 Japanese couples with at least one child were administered a set of questionnaires. A path analysis showed that wives whose husbands treated them with an affectionate attitude were more likely to hold affectionate childrearing styles; wives whose husbands treated them w...

The purpose of this article is to examine the tendency to express and promote autonomy in the socialization of children in Estonia, a society with rapid ongoing social, political and economical changes. Autonomy has been regarded as being self-initiating in actions, feeling ownership of them, and expressing one’s opinion, preferences and feelings. This contribution reviews the findings from our...

PURPOSE This article explains why children with speech and language impairments are at increased risk for having experienced abuse, neglect, and trauma and how maltreatment may vary across cultures. METHOD International literature on maltreatment is reviewed in order to provide frameworks for identifying what constitutes maltreatment across cultures; how cultural variations in discipline prac...

Parenting is a determinant of children’s behaviors and personalities. However, parenting styles differ across societies among individuals depend on culture, level education, income. This paper examined the impact child development in Qatar. We used links socioeconomic factors, parent—child relationships, outcomes identifying styles. The data were collected using national survey conducted 2017. ...

Research conducted in the past decade on families with young chidren concentrated on 5 broad topics: (a) the transition to parenthood,' (b) the importance of maternal sensitivity for children's attachment security and subsequent adjustment and social competence; (c) the effectiveness of particular parenting styles and practices; (d) interparental, familial, and broader societal factors influenc...

Spanking remains a common, if controversial, childrearing practice in the United States. In this article, I pair mounting research indicating that spanking is both ineffective and harmful with professional and human rights opinions disavowing the practice. I conclude that spanking is a form of violence against children that should no longer be a part of American childrearing.

This article brings into relief two desiderata in childrearing, the importance of which pandemic has made clearer than ever. The first is to ensure that, schools as well outside them, children have ample opportunities enjoy goods that are particular childhood: unstructured time, be spent playing with other children, discovering world company or alone, indeed pursuing any creative activities mak...