Flow cytometric 1-parameter DNA analysis and 2-parameter DNA/protein analysis have been performed with cell material of the diptera species Chironomus thummi, Drosophila melanogaster, Calliphora vicina and Musca domestica using an impulse cytophotometer with a new quartz objective, that was especially manufactured for cytofluorometric investigations. The occurrence of heterogenous cell populati...

This paper describes the basis for a water-only acute chironomid toxicity test guideline using first-instar larvae. The method is based on the OECD test guidelines for the acute Daphnia sp. immobilization test and the long-term tests with Chironomus sp., reflecting the common test procedures currently used by the European agrochemical industry. Development of this guideline proposal is importan...

Larvae of Psychoda and of Chironomus (diptera) maintained in solutions of appropriate indicators show that the typical acidities (pH) prevailing within the several regions of the digestive tract are: esophagus 7.1; cardiac chamber 6.2; mesenteron 7.5; the latter being functionally an intestine. The acidity of the hindgut, pH 6.4, is due to the discharge of the malphigian tubules.

Changes in nuclear K+ electrochemical activity and total nuclear K+ content in salivary glands of Chironomus tentans were measured with ion-selective microelectrodes based on valinomycin and with flameless atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. The K+ activity increased by a factor of 2.6 and the total K+, by a factor of 1.5 as oligopausing larvae developed into prepupae. The extent of d...

Clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia (C.b.m.) is highly toxic to mosquito larvae. In this study, the following aquatic nontarget invertebrates were treated with high C.b.m. concentrations (up to 1,600-fold the toxic concentration for Anopheles stephensi) to study their susceptibility towards the bacterial toxin: Planorbis planorbis (Pulmonata); Asellus aquaticus (Isopoda); Daphnia pulex (C...

Indirect interactions among community members impact on organisms. The effects of two snails, banded pond snail, Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck), and Red-rimmed melania, Melanoides tuberculata (Müller), and tadpoles of Asian common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider), on nonbiting midge larvae, Chironomus striatipennis Kieffer, were observed in experimental microcosm. Decrease in tube n...

Differentiating cells can be characterized by the number and types of proteins they produce (Markert, 1963). In man and other organisms the diversity of hemoglobins has been correlated with ontogenetic changes which reflect the alterations of gene activity (Ingram, 1963). Furthermore, the types of proteins produced are generally specific for the species. The study of insect coelomic proteins ha...

Midge larvae (Chironomus riparius) were exposed to sediments from a deposition sampled at a site along the Rhône River (France) downstream of an industrial site releasing various perfluorinated chemicals. This sediment is characterized by high concentrations of perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and a low perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentration. Conce...