19 We examined blood flow in the submandibular gland (SMGBF) and sublingual gland 20 (SLGBF) during electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the lingual nerve (LN) in the 21 urethane-anesthetized rats using a laser speckle imaging flow meter. LN stimulation elicited 22 intensityand frequency-dependent SMGBF and SLGBF increases, and the magnitude of the 23 SMGBF increase was higher than ...

The striatum plays a central role in sensorimotor learning and action selection. Tonically active cholinergic interneurons in the striatum give rise to dense axonal arborizations and significantly shape striatal output. However, it is not clear how the activity of these neurons is regulated within the striatal microcircuitry. In this study, using rat brain slices, we find that stimulation of in...

Organophosphorous compounds have been employed as pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents. Toxicity of organophosphorous compounds is a result of excessive cholinergic stimulation through inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase. Clinical manifestations include cholinergic syndromes, central nervous system and cardiovascular disorders. Organophosphorous pesticide poisonings are common in develo...

In electrophysiological studies using the rat hippocampal slice preparation, cholinergic agonists and phorbol 12,13-diacetate, a stimulator of protein kinase C, block the inhibitory actions of baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor agonist, and adenosine. Relative potencies of cholinergic agonists in stimulating the phosphatidylinositol system, as measured biochemically, parallel their ...

Three models of altered autonomic innervation of the chick heart have been developed in the last few years. These include sympathetically aneural heart, parasympathetically aneural heart, and heart with cholinergic innervation reconstituted from the nodose placodes. The neural status of these hearts has been assessed by a variety of morphological and biochemical methods, but the functional stat...

Theta oscillations in the limbic system depend on the integrity of the medial septum. The different populations of medial septal neurons (cholinergic and GABAergic) are assumed to affect different aspects of theta oscillations. Using optogenetic stimulation of cholinergic neurons in ChAT-Cre mice, we investigated their effects on hippocampal local field potentials in both anesthetized and behav...

The hippocampal circuitry undergoes attentional modulation by the cholinergic medial septum. However, it is unclear how septal activation regulates the spatial properties of hippocampal neurons. We investigated here what is the functional effect of selective-cholinergic and non-selective septal stimulation on septo-hippocampal system. We show for the first time selective activation of cholinerg...