background :chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a third leading cause of death.   methods : in this case control study, we prepared 5 cc bloods from the antecubital vein of 100 copd patients and 40 healthy individuals as control group. vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) expression protein level was measured by elisa in both groups.   results : we found that concentration of v...

obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts. research indicates a genetic predisposition for ocd. many people with ocd have one or more family members who also have it or who may have other anxiety disorders influenced by the brain's serotonin levels, such as panic disorder. although ocd is a chronic and oftenti...

background and aim: recently some evidence has been presented that periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. the hypothesis of this study is that periodontitis may be associated with elevated blood lipid levels, a known risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. methods & materials: the levels of plasma lipids was measured in 40 subjects with chronic peri...

according to the national institutes of health and the center for disease and prevention, it is estimated that 65 to 80 percent of the human infectious are caused by biofilms. antibiotics and drainage of purulent discharge are the main treatment measures. but in chronic infections sometimes these findings are not easy to recognize. biofilm is an extracellular polymeric conglomeration generally ...

a chronic wound is a wound that does not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time or wounds that do not heal within three months are often considered chronic. chronic wounds often remain in the inflammatory stage for too long and may never heal or may take years. chronic wound patients often report pain as dominant in their lives. persistent pain is the main problem ...

chronic subdural hematoma (csdh) is a curable entity frequently encountered by neurosurgeons. the present study was conducted to explore expert opinion and common practice in iran. besides, a review of randomized clinical trials in literature was performed. a questionnaire including six questions discussing major aspects of practice on csdh, with multiple choices was designed. a pilot study was...

intrathoracic gossypiboma, a retained surgical sponge in the thoracic cavity, is a rare but serious complication of thoracic surgeries. a 70-year-old man presented with an eight-month history of cough. he had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery eight years ago. the posteroanterior chest x-ray revealed a well-marginated homogeneous opacity at the left hemithorax with striped appearance in t...

در سالهای اخیر پیشرفتهای چشمگیری در تشخیص و درمان هپاتیت مزمن ب به دست آمده  و هر چند سال یک بار تغییر و تحولات قابل توجهی در نحوه درمان چنین بیمارانی به دنبال داشته است. اگرچه در چند سال اخیر راهنماهای درمانی متعددی برای هپاتیت مزمن ب در سطح دنیا ارائه شده است(5-1)، با گذشت زمان و انجام تحقیقات جدید، تفاوتهایی بین راهنماهای درمان قابل مشاهده می شود. علاوه بر این بسیاری از داروهای جدید قیمت بسی...