Avissar, R. and Pielke, R.A., 1991. The impact of plant stomatal control on mesoscale atmospheric circulations. Agric. For. Meteorol., 54: 353-372. Only a few numerical studies with mesoscale atmospheric models have been undertaken to explore the influence of vegetation on the generation and modification ofmesoscale atmospheric circulations. Nevertheless, these few studies have demonstrated the...

We study material lines and passive vectors in a model of turbulent flow at infiniteReynolds number, the Kraichnan-Kazantsev ensemble of velocities that are white-noise in time and rough (Hölder continuous) in space. It is argued that the phenomenon of “spontaneous stochasticity” generalizes to material lines and that conservation of circulations generalizes to a “martingale property” of the st...

The scientific objectives are to: 1) document the structure and characteristics of entrainment circulations in marine stratocumulus and fair-weather-cumuli, 2) characterize the vertical distribution of drizzle and how it relates to cloud and mesoscale circulations; 3) investigate the relative role of cloud thickness, cloud turbulence intensity, and aerosols on drizzle production; 4) study the p...

this study utilizes a decade long (2005-2014) monthly data of total column tropospheric ozone (tcto) in dubson units to evaluate the spatial and temporal trend of lao over some major cities of west africa, namely lagos, accra, niamey, abuja, bamako, dakar, agadez, conakry, kano, and ouagadougou which are either capital cites or major commercial hubs, where the population ranges from 0.09 millio...

Using high-resolution ring analysis (HRRA) we deduce subsurface flows within magnetic active regions and within quiet sun. With this procedure we are capable of measuring flows with a horizontal spatial resolution of 2◦ in heliographic angle (or roughly 20 Mm). From the resulting flow fields we deduce mean inflow rates into active regions, mean circulation speeds around active regions, and prob...

The lung is unique in its double sources of perfusion from the pulmonary and systemic circulations. One striking difference between the two circulations is the capacity for angiogenesis. The bronchial circulation has a capacity that seems quite similar to all systemic arteries, whereas the pulmonary circulation seems relatively inert in this regard. Extra-alveolar pulmonary arteries can grow so...

Several studies document lengthening of the frost-free season within the conterminous United States (U.S.) over the past century, and report trends in spring and fall frost timing that could stem from hemispheric warming. In the absence of warming, theory and case studies link anomalous frost timing to atmospheric circulation anomalies. However, recent efforts to relate a century of observed ch...

In this paper we describe a two-stage optimization model for determining robust rolling stock circulations for passenger trains. Here robustness means that the rolling stock circulations can better deal with large disruptions of the railway system. The two-stage optimization model is formulated as a large Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model. We first use Benders decomposition to determine op...