Following a report from the Secretary General in May 1993, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 827 and its Statute establishing an International War Crimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) located in The Hague, The Netherlands. Although such action has been discussed in the past, this is the first time the international community has established a tribunal to indict ...

At the International War Crimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), a detention camp guard, charged with acts of murder and torture, advanced a plea of diminished responsibility. Defense psychiatrists testified that he had a personality disorder that influenced his ability to control his behavior, but a prosecution expert testified that the guard did not meet Diagnostic and Statistical M...

the criminal justice and observance of human rights principles have important roles in efficiency of bodies involved in combating against terrorism. as some states like u.k. have violated several international provisions such as international civil and political covenant and the european convention of human rights, this article tries to verify anti-terrorism crime and security act (atcsa) and i...

This article explores new forms of policing in New York, Chicago, and Boston. These cities developed new policing strategies that each involves a different combination of problem solving and new forms of “community policing”. The article explores whether these developments resulted in crime reduction and changes in belief in the efficacy of policing. The article concludes by considering the cos...

one of problems of the law of obligations is the classification of the sources of obligations. in the law of the rome the obligation arose from contract and crime. in french law there is other sources and this classification has been recorded in other codes. the lawyers believe that this classification is not extensive and logical. today there is unilateral obligation and obligations by other s...

Civil war is the most important and troubling problem in international life today. Aside from the tragic killing and injury of innocent civilians, violent civil conflicts inspire lingering, seemingly intractable ills such as state collapse, corruption, dire poverty, rampant injustice, dislocation, environmental degradation, and disease, all of which may in turn instigate renewed and spreading c...

Theoretical debates about how best to address cybercrime have their place but, in the real world, companies and individuals are facing new harmful criminal activity that poses unique technical and investigatory challenges. There is nothing virtual about the real damage online crime can inflict offline to victims. At the same time, technology is inviting uses that may result in significant, thou...

This chapter evaluates the allure and the danger of attributing race-laden crime politics to displaced anxiety. Stuart Scheingold’s ‘‘myth of crime and punishment’’ was a path-setting theory of redirected fear, arguing that socioeconomic ‘‘fear of falling’’ is displaced onto street crime, where the simple morality tale of lawbreaker-versus-state offers the illusion of control. The danger of thi...

Not since its decision in Wisconsin v. Mitchell, has the United States Supreme Court squarely addressed whether hate crimes legislation regulates protected speech in violation of the First Amendment.1 However, the United States House of Representatives' passage of the Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007 ("House Bill 1592" or "Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007") on May 3, 2...

Hannah Arendt identifies the onset of genocide under the Nazi regime with the declaration that ‘the German people not only were unwilling to have any Jews in Germany, but wished to make the entire Jewish people disappear from the face of the earth.’1 Arendt famously, and unpopularly, contended that the crime was a crime against humanity, perpetrated upon the body of the Jewish people.2 Eichmann...