This study aimed to compare thickness of the capsule, corium, and soft tissues measured ultrasonographically and macroscopically in selected regions of bovine claws. A hundred and twenty claws (n = 120) of 15 healthy Holstein bovines were obtained. After cleaning the claws, ultrasonographic measurement of the capsule, corium, and soft tissues was performed while submerging the claws in a water ...

Animal communication theory predicts that low-frequency cheating should be common in generally honest signalling systems. However, perhaps because cheats are designed to go undetected, there are few examples of dishonest signals in natural populations. Here we present what we believe is the ¢rst example of a dishonest signal which is used commonly by males to attract mates and ¢ght sexual rival...

Animal communication theory predicts that low-frequency cheating should be common in generally honest signalling systems. However, perhaps because cheats are designed to go undetected, there are few examples of dishonest signals in natural populations. Here we present what we believe is the first example of a dishonest signal which is used commonly by males to attract mates and fight sexual riv...

Lameness in pigs is a major welfare and economic issue for swine breeding herds. Claw lesions have been suggested to be significant cause lameness sows. Housing conditions nutrition management on the farm influence horn quality may associated with development of claw pigs. The current work examines structure as well hardness, fracture mechanical properties claws retrieved from housing For chara...

What are the early signs of use? There are no early signs. There are only obvious signs common to all long-term users. What can be spotted is the transition from non-user to addict (one episode is sufficient for diagnosis). For example, an early draft of a manuscript may read “We replicated and extended a classic finding within an established theoretical framework...”; a later SciagraTM-influen...

Bilateral asymmetry of the paired claws of the lobster Homarus americanus is determined during the fourth and fifth juvenile stages by differential reflex activity; the side with the greater activity becomes the crusher while the contralateral side becomes the cutter. Juvenile lobsters reared during this critical period with a substratum that could not be grasped or with reduced input from pred...