A pilot-scale study of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process in southern Taiwan is presented in this paper. A 10 m/day capacity MBR plant consisting of an aeration tank and a membrane bioreactor was installed to remove organic matter (measured in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD)). The performance of the MBR was monitored for a period of 140 days. The re...

Filtration of dust nanoparticles emitted from metallurgical processes is currently problematic, due to a rapid increase the pressure drop and an inefficient filter cleaning, inducing high maintenance costs. This paper investigates use precoating technique overcome cleaning difficulties caused by metallic nanoparticles. It consists protecting surface with layer composed micron-sized particles th...

mechanical, hydraulic, and chemical washing methods are the most common methods for sewer line cleaning. each of these methods includes several sub methods. rodding and bucket machine are the two most important of mechanical cleaning methods, whereas high-speed and flushing are the most important hydraulic cleaning methods. acids, alkalis, surfactants, and enzymes are widely used materials in s...

Metal concentrations have been measured in water and sediments of the Jose Antonio Alzate Reservoir, Mexico, using EDXRF and ICP techniques. Spatial and temporal distributions of total metal levels have been identified; no organised pattern was detected for any particular metal concentration. Temporal variations of metal concentrations show evidence of the water self-cleaning capacity of the re...

BACKGROUND Cleaning of environmental surfaces in hospitals is important for the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other hospital-acquired infections transmitted by the contact route. Guidance regarding the best approaches for cleaning, however, is limited. METHODS In this study, a mathematical model based on ordinary differential equations was constructed to st...

Selecting suitable cleaning agents and determining justifiable cleaning process parameters are critical prerequisites for cleaning validation. Proper selection of these cleaning agents and parameters could simplify cleaning validation efforts immensely. Process cleaners may range from a single component, such as an organic solvent, to multicomponent formulations that use multiple cleaning mecha...

The waste associated with cleaning of process equipment is probably a significant contr ibutor to the total waste volume generated by industry. This paper addresses the following aspects related to equipment cleaning waste generation: o Review of reasons for cleaning process equipment o Reduction of cleaning frequency o Reduction of quantity and toxicity of cleaning waste o Costs associated wit...

A UHV atomic hydrogen-cracking cell has been constructed to produce atomic hydrogen in order to perform in-situ cleaning of semiconductor samples. The cell was calibrated and tested with the objective of cleaning the III-V semiconductor samples such as GaAs. Mass spectroscopy studies during the atomic hydrogen cleaning of the GaAs samples revealed the chemical process of the hydrogen cleaning. ...