Thoracic spine pain (TSP) is defined as perceived anywhere in the region bounded superiorly by a transverse line through tip of spinous process T1, inferiorly T12, and laterally vertical lines tangential to most lateral margins erector muscles. One year prevalence TSP ranged from 8.3-38.1% different Asian countries. A longitudinal observational study was conducted observe clinical feature, demo...

Most contemporary clinical reasoning tests typically assess non-automatic thinking. Therefore, a test is needed to measure automatic reasoning or pattern recognition, which has been largely neglected in clinical reasoning tests. The Puzzle Test (PT) is dedicated to assess automatic clinical reasoning in routine situations. This test has been introduced first in 2009 by Monajemi et al in the Oly...

Lattices of single polystyrene particles were constructed by using a combinatorial approach to analyze particle pattern recognition properties. Dip-pen nanolithography was used to generate chemical templates of 16-thiohexadecanoic acid on a gold surface to study the two-dimensional assembly of amine- and amidine-modified particles.

A series of Co1 xCux (x 1⁄4 0:05{0:70) composite nanowire arrays have been electrodeposited in alumina templates. An apparent pH value rule for nanowire phase and composition has been found. Based on it, composite nanowires can be obtained and the composition becomes more controllable. In the composite nanowires, the cubic and hexagonal structures coexisted. The specific magnetic properties, co...

Let In(π) denote the number of involutions in the symmetric group Sn which avoid the permutation π. We say that two permutations α, β ∈ Sj may be exchanged if for every n, k, and ordering τ of j + 1, . . . , k, we have In(ατ) = In(βτ). Here we prove that 12 and 21 may be exchanged and that 123 and 321 may be exchanged. The ability to exchange 123 and 321 implies a conjecture of Guibert, thus co...

Adaptation is a central process in the life cycle of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), if a broad acceptance is to be achieved. Currently, there is no fully integrated solution for this process available. Due to the risk of introducing errors or compromising the evidence base, users and persons in charge often hesitate. To overcome these problems, we present a manageable pathway for the adap...

This paper studies delegation of authority in a setting that combines the incentive view of delegation pioneered by Aghion and Tirole [1997], the informational theory of delegation emphasized by Dessein [2002], the learning possibility put forth by Aghion, Dewatripont, and Rey [2004] and the career concerns literature spawned by Holmström [1999]. I show that the principal may choose delegation ...