There are instances in which it is desirable to know the frequency of a particular cloned nucleic acid species in a complex population. For instance, before undertaking isolation of a clone from a library, it is helpful to know how many clones should be screened; also, the frequency of a clone in a cDNA population may be taken as a first approximation of mRNA frequency (keeping in mind possible...

tree nuts, including almond (prunus dulcis) are a source of food allergens often associated with life-threatening allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. although the proteins in almonds have been biochemically characterized, relatively little has been reported regarding the identity of the allergens involved in almond sensitivity. the present study was undertaken to identify the allerge...

Currently, paratuberculosis vaccines are comprised of crude whole-cell preparations of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Although effective in reducing clinical disease and fecal shedding, these vaccines have severe disadvantages as well, including seroconversion of vaccinated animals and granulomatous lesions at the site of vaccination. DNA vaccines can offer an alternative approach...

A contig map is a physical map that shows the native order of a library of overlapping genomic clones. One common method for creating such maps involves using hybridization to detect clone overlaps. False- positive and false-negative hybridization errors, the presence of chimeric clones, and gaps in library coverage lead to ambiguity and error in the clone order. Genomes with good genetic maps,...

BACKGROUND Cellulases are key player in the hydrolyzation of cellulose. Unfortunately, this reaction is slow and a bottleneck in the process chain from biomass to intermediates and biofuels due to low activities of the enzymes. To overcome this draw back, a lot of effort is put into the area of protein engineering, to modify these enzymes by directed evolution or rational design. Huge clone lib...

From a genomic DNA library of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, a clone was isolated which complements a leucine auxotrophy of an Escherichia coli strain (GE891). Subsequent analysis of the clone indicated that it could serve as a specific DNA probe. Dot-blot hybridizations with over 40 different Lactobacillus strains showed that this clone specifically recognizes L. delbrueckii subs...

Poly(A)+ RNA isolated from the developing wheat endosperm var. Chinese Spring, has been used as template for the construction of a cDNA library. Within the library, clones have been identified by in vitro translation of hybrid-selected mRNA which encode alpha/beta gliadin related sequences and gamma-gliadin related sequences. The DNA sequence of one such clone has been determined and it shows h...

An initial survey of sequences of PCR-amplified portions of the 18S rRNA genes from a community DNA clone library, prepared from an algal mat in a thermal, acidic stream in Yellowstone National Park, WY, USA, revealed among other sequences, several that matched Vahlkampfia. This finding prompted further investigation using primers specific for Naegleria. Sequences from a subsequent DNA clone li...

A cDNA clone, representing the mouse homologue of the recently described gene encoding the human calcium signal-modulating ligand, was isolated from a mouse thymus library. This clone exhibits extensive conservation of the primary nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences that, when considered with a similar secondary protein structure, transcript size and distribution of expression, suggests...

Alvinella pompejana is a polychaetous annelid that inhabits active deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites along the East Pacific Rise, where it colonizes the walls of actively venting high-temperature chimneys. An abundant, morphologically diverse epibiotic microflora is associated with the worm's dorsal integument, with a highly integrated filamentous morphotype clearly dominating the microbial biom...