Although cut-copy-paste (-and-adapt) techniques are considered bad practice, every programmer is using them. Because such practices not only involve duplication but also modification, they are called code cloning and the duplicated code is called code clone. A clone group consists of the code clones that are clones of each other. Code cloning is easy and cheap during software development, but i...

background and objectives: phytoplanktons are organisms with a very high diversities and global distribution in different habitats. the high distribution of phytoplankton is due to ecological flexibility and their ability to tolerate different climatic conditions and environmental stress. phytoplankton is the most sensitive biological indicators of water resources. the purpose of this study was...

Let A be a non singleton finite set. We show that every maximal clone determined by a prime affine or h-universal relation on A is contained in a family of partial clones on A of continuum cardinality. MSC 2000: 03B50, 08A40, 08A55

Trypanosoma cruzi comprises a pool of populations which are genetically diverse in terms of DNA content, growth and infectivity. Inter- and intra-strain karyotype heterogeneities have been reported, suggesting that chromosomal rearrangements occurred during the evolution of this parasite. Clone D11 is a single-cell-derived clone of the T. cruzi G strain selected by the minimal dilution method a...

We prove that there are continuum many clones on a three-element set even if they considered up to homomorphic equivalence. The we use this fact consisting of self-dual operations, i.e. operations preserve the relation [Formula: see text]. However, only countably such when equivalence with respect minor-preserving maps instead clone homomorphisms. give full description ordered by existence maps...