We show that public-key bit encryption schemes which support weak (i.e., compact) homomorphic evaluation of any sufficiently “sensitive” collection of functions cannot be proved message indistinguishable beyond AM ∩ coAM via general (adaptive) reductions, and beyond statistical zero-knowledge via reductions of constant query complexity. Examples of sensitive collections include parities, majori...

By considering the energy cost of messages carried by proteins as proportional to their information content we found experimental proof that proteins from all living organisms tend to have their estimated semantic content of information per unit mass, statistically, close to a constant. Thus, in the message carried by proteins −to achieve minimum energy waste− the rate of information content pe...

Children in single-parent families, particularly children born to unmarried parents, are at high risk for experiencing material hardship. Previous research based on cross-sectional data suggests that father involvement, especially visitation, diminishes hardship. This article uses longitudinal data to examine the associations between nonresident fathers' involvement with their children and mate...

This paper provides simple approximations for evaluating option prices and implied volatilities under stochastic volatility. Simple recursive formulae are derived that can easily be implemented in spreadsheets. The traditional random walk assumption, dominating in the analysis of financial markets, is compared with mean reversion which is often more relevant in commodity markets. Deterministic ...

The desired gap headway of drivers, while close following, represents the main parameter in determining the following distance between vehicles.  This paper uses the raw individual vehicles data taken from loop detectors for millions of vehicles used M25 and M42 in order to estimate the gap headway distributions between successive pairs of vehicles.  The data used in this paper were filtered so...

The most recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommend primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as the preferred treatment for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) whenever it is available within 90–120 min of the first medical contact [1]. However, timing of symptom onset appears to be hard to adjudicate precisely, and 'ischaemic time' thereby usually e...