Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile (C. difficile) is a gram-positive bacterium that infects the large intestine. The number of clostridium infections has increased in recent years due to multiple risk factors including frequent use antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. virulence C. comes from its production toxins. Treatment for infection includes antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, or fe...

background: reduced susceptibility of clostridium difficile to antibiotics is problematic in clinical settings. there is new evidence indicating the cotransfer of toxin-encoding genes and conjugative transposons encoding resistance to antibiotics among different c. difficile strains. to analyze this association, in the current study, we evaluated the frequency of toxigenic c. difficile among th...

aim : in this study, the prevalence of c. difficile , from patients with gastrointestinal complaints and its association with other enteropathogen microbes were investigated. background : clostridium difficile is an important pathogen associated with outbreaks of pseudomembranous colitis and other intestinal disorders, such as diarrhea. patients and methods : enterotoxin and cytotoxin (toxin a ...

Clostridium difficile has been implicated in the relapse of ulcerative colitis. Controversy exists over this role and its relationship to sulphasalazine exposure. Sixty two of 77 patients with a documented relapse of ulcerative colitis were investigated for the presence of Clostridium difficile, or its toxin, prior to hospitalization. There was a low incidence of detection which was related to ...

a series of 2-(4-nitro-1-imidazolylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-triazole and 3-(4-nitro-1-imidazolylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial activity. some of the tested compounds were active against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus subtilis, clostridium difficile, aspergillus niger and cryptococcus neoformans.

The use of fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and coexistent inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. A 61-year-old man with ulcerative pancolitis was diagnosed with a third recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection, previously treated with metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin. Fecal microbiota transplantation of an unrelated healthy donor ...

BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile infection is a healthcare-associated infection resulting in significant morbidity. Although immunosuppression is associated with Clostridium difficile infection acquisition and adverse outcomes, the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in HIV-infected patients has been little studied in the era of antiretroviral therapy. This study identifies the risk...

introduction: clostridium difficile is the etiologic agent of several infections such as pseudomembranous colitis in human. these diseases are frequently associated with antibiotic useage but many infections with this organisms are seen without antibiotic administration. in addition it is believed that clostridium difficile is one of the most important bacteria involved in acquired hospital inf...

Clostridium difficile associated disease is a well recognized nosocomial infection evolving as a severediarrheal illness, associated with significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection is higher and its impact is more severe in trauma patients when compared with general inpatient population. There are several po...

Reactive arthritis is a rare complication of Clostridium difficile enterocolitis, especially in children. We review the 6 pediatric cases published in the English and non-English literature and discuss their clinical presentation, outcome, treatment, and pathophysiology. We also report the seventh case of Clostridium difficile reactive arthritis in a 6-year-old boy who was treated with amoxicil...