background: recently grapefruit juice is known to enhance the bioavailability of several clinically important drugs such as nifedipine, terfenadine, cyclosporine, ethinylestradiole, midazolam, and triazolam. cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent that used in transplantation for preventation of chronic rejection. grapefruit increase in cmax and auc of drug mediated by suppression of cyp3a4 ...

During the summers (July and August) of 2002-2005, we measured interannual variation in maximum carboxylation rate (V(cmax)) within a Fagus crenata Blume crown in relation to climate variables such as air temperature, daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and daily photosynthetic photon flux, leaf nitrogen per unit area (N(a)) and leaf mass per unit area (LMA). Climatic conditions in the summers...

BACKGROUND: Closantel is a broad-spectrum antiparasiticagent and is widely used for the control of Fasciola spp. andHaemonchus spp. infestations in sheep and cattle. OBJECTIVES:The present study was carried out to evaluate the bioequivalenceof a domestic closantel formulation, Fascinil® (DamloranPharmaceutical Co., Iran), in comparison with Flukiver®(Janssen pharmaceutical Co., Belgium) in shee...

the pharmacokinetic properties of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid when used alone or in combination may be different and show interaction between these two agents that might decrease the absolute bioavailability of clavulanic acid. in an open, randomized, replicated latin square under fasting condition, pharmacokinetics of new formulations of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were compared with a ref...

We consider profit-maximization problems for combinatorial auctions with non-single minded valuation functions and limited supply. We obtain fairly general results that relate the approximability of the profit-maximization problem to that of the corresponding social-welfare-maximization (SWM) problem, which is the problem of finding an allocation (S1, . . . , Sn) satisfying the capacity constra...

We have previously introduced vertex attack tolerance (VAT) and unsmoothened VAT (UVAT), denoted respectively as τ(G) = minS⊂V |S| |V−S−Cmax(V−S)|+1 and τ̂(G) = minS⊂V |S| |V−S−Cmax(V−S)| , where Cmax(V − S) is the largest connected component in V − S, as appropriate mathematical measures of resilience in the face of targeted node attacks for arbitrary degree networks. Here we prove the hardness...

This report describes phase 1 clinical trials performed to assess interactions of oral isavuconazole at the clinically targeted dose (200 mg, administered as isavuconazonium sulfate 372 mg, 3 times a day for 2 days; 200 mg once daily [QD] thereafter) with single oral doses of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrates: bupropion hydrochloride (CYP2B6; 100 mg; n = 24), repaglinide (CYP2C8/CYP3A4; 0.5 ...

Great uncertainty exists in the global exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere. An important source of this uncertainty lies in the dependency of photosynthesis on the maximum rate of carboxylation (V cmax) and the maximum rate of electron transport (J max). Understanding and making accurate prediction of C fluxes thus requires accurate characterization of these ...

After a single oral dose of praziquantel with 250 ml of grapefruit juice, the area under the concentration-time curve and the maximum concentration in plasma of praziquantel (Cmax) were significantly increased (Cmax for water treatment, 637.71 +/- 128.5 ng/ml; and Cmax for grapefruit juice treatment, 1,037.65 +/- 305.7 ng/ml, P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the...

Cefixime is a significant member of orally active third generation cephalosporin and has excellent activity against many pathogens. The virtual bioavailability of a newly industrial dispersible tablet as compared with a recognized identified formulation. An open-label, single-dose, randomized, 2-way crossover study was conducted in fasted healthy Iranian male volunteers. Eligible participa...