Tin carbodiimides have been reported with various compositions, prepared via solid-state metathesis reactions by heating tin halides and lithium carbodiimide at moderate temperatures. The formations of two new compounds, LiSn2Br3(CN2) Sn4Br2(CN2)3 are monitored differential thermal analysis (DTA), crystal structures as refined on basis X-ray diffraction studies. structure can be described inter...

This study retrospectively examined the records of patients with clinical N2 (cN2) stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were surgically treated but who actually had pathologic N0 (pN0) stage disease. From 1982 to 1997, 94 patients with cN2 NSCLC underwent surgery. Forty-five patients proved to have pN0 disease, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 67.3%. According to the Cox model, v...

& This paper presents a subgroup discovery algorithm APRIORI-SD, developed by adapting association rule learning to subgroup discovery. The paper contributes to subgroup discovery, to a better understanding of the weighted covering algorithm, and the properties of the weighted relative accuracy heuristic by analyzing their performance in the ROC space. An experimental comparison with rule learn...

Current rule induction systems (e.g. CN2) typically rely on a \separate and conquer" strategy, learning each rule only from still-uncovered examples. This results in a dwindling number of examples being available for learning successive rules, adversely a ecting the system's accuracy. An alternative is to learn all rules simultaneously, using the entire training set for each. This approach is i...

Optical turbulence within earth’s atmosphere plays a significant role in electromagnetic radiation propagation from a high energy laser. The index of refraction structure constant, Cn2, characterizes turbulent spatial fluctuations due to temperature gradients. These changes in the index of refraction affect the intensity of the laser wave front on its intended target. It is important to charact...

In this study, we devised a constraint method, called multi-model ensemble pattern (MEP), to estimate the refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) profiles based on observational data and multiple existing models. We verified approach against radiosonde from field campaigns in China’s eastern northern coastal areas. Multi-dimensional statistical evaluations for Cn2 integrated astronomical par...

Induction chemotherapy is likely to be effective for biologically distinct subgroups of patients with cancer with biomarker detection. To investigate the prognostic and predictive values of cyclin D1 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) who were treated in a prospective, randomized, phase III trial evaluating standard treatment with surgery and postoperative radiother...

When performing primary reading on a newly taken radiographic examination, a radiologist often needs to reference relevant prior images of the same patient for confirmation or comparison purposes. To effectively support such prior image references, we proposed an intelligent patient image retrieval system, which includes a learning sub-system for inducing patient image retrieval knowledge, base...

B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a typical extrahepatic manifestation frequently associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The mechanism by which HCV infection leads to lymphoproliferative disorder remains unclear. Our group established HCV transgenic mice that expressed the full HCV genome in B cells (RzCD19Cre mice). We observed a 25.0% incidence of diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin lym...