Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection has been used as a commercial process for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) since the 1970’s. Because the cost of oil recovered is closely linked to the purchase cost of the CO2 injected, considerable reservoir engineering design effort has gone into reducing the total amount of CO2 required to recover each barrel of oil. If, on the other hand, the objective of the CO2 ...

BACKGROUND Increasing attention is being focused on the influence of rapid increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration on nutrient cycling in ecosystems. An understanding of how elevated CO2 affects plant utilization and acquisition of phosphorus (P) will be critical for P management to maintain ecosystem sustainability in P-deficient regions. SCOPE This review focuses on the impact of elevate...

Background Increasing attention is being focused on the influence of rapid increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration on nutrient cycling in ecosystems. An understanding of how elevated CO2 affects plant utilization and acquisition of phosphorus (P) will be critical for P management to maintain ecosystem sustainability in P-deficient regions. Scope This review focuses on the impact of elevated ...

The utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a source of carbon in synthetic chemistry has been a practice exploited at the industrial level since the second half of the 19th century for the synthesis of urea [1a] and salicylic acid [1b, c]. CO2 has also long been used for making inorganic carbonates and pigments. A renewed interest in the industrial utilization of CO2 as a source of carbon arose...

We develop a novel superstructure of algal biorefinery processes for biological carbon sequestration and utilization, encompassing off-gas purification, algae cultivation, harvesting and dewatering, lipid extraction, remnant treatment, biogas utilization, and algal oil upgrading stages. Based on the superstructure, we propose a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model to minimize the u...

Carbon dioxide gas separation is important for many environmental and energy applications. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to characterize a two-dimensional hydrocarbon polymer, PG-ES1, that uses a combination of surface adsorption and narrow pores to separate carbon dioxide from nitrogen, oxygen, and methane gases. The CO2 permeance is 3 × 10(5) gas permeation units (GPU). The CO2/N2 s...

The metabolism of r-lactate and pyruvate, labeled uniformly with 14C, by epididymal fat pad tissue of fasted and fasted-refed rats was studied. In tissue of fasted-refed rats, pyruvate and L-lactate were utilized at equal rates. L-Lactate was nearly all converted into CO2 and fatty acids, and pyruvate into COZ, fatty acids, and L-lactate. The incorporation of 14C into glycerol was very low. L-L...