Cocoa seeds were roasted at 120oC for 10 and 20 minutes were ground to a fine paste to obtain cocoa liquor. Cocoa fudge samples were prepared using the prepared liquor cocoa butter, sugar and lecithin. The two samples were analyzed for their physicochemical and sensory properties. The results of the study reveal that the roasting duration has a significant influence on both the properties. An i...

A survey on five kinds of cocoa beans from new cocoa planting countries was conducted to analyze each kind's basic quality. The average bean weight and butter content of Hainan cocoa beans were the lowest, at less than 1.1 g, and 39.24% to 43.44%, respectively. Cocoa beans from Indonesia where shown to be about 8.0% and 9.0% higher in average bean weight and butter content, respectively, than t...

BACKGROUND Cocoa butter (CB) extracted from cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) is the main raw material for chocolate production, but CB supply is insufficient due to the increased chocolate demand and limited CB production. CB is mainly composed of three different kinds of triacylglycerols (TAGs), 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (POP, C16:0-C18:1-C16:0), 1-palmitoyl-3-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (...

Reducing the fat content of chocolate formulations is a major challenge for the confectionery industry. We report the suspension of aqueous microgel agar particles of up to 80% v/v within sunflower oil, cocoa butter, and ultimately chocolate. The optimised emulsification process involves a shear-cooling step. We demonstrate the versatility of our method when applied to white, milk, and dark cho...

Shea butter is the fat extracted from the nut of Africa Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa). It is used in cosmetic formulations and as a substitute for Cocoa butter in chocolate industries. It is edible and used cooking fat in Africa. The saponifiable fraction of Shea butter is composed primarily of stearic and oleic acids with lesser amounts of palmitic, linoleic and arachidic acids while the uns...

This study aimed to find the optimum feed mixture consist of palm stearin (PS), olein (PO), and coconut oil (CO), for chemical interesterification produce cocoa butter alternatives (CBA) with most similar melting profile butter. The was chemically interesterified using sodium ethylate as catalyst at a temperature 75°C 8 hours. Based on analysis products, pure (CO-100) (PS-100) gave alternatives...

The goal of the study was to compare the dissolution of chocolate to other lipid-based matrices suitable for the microencapsulation of bioactive ingredients in simulated gastrointestinal solutions. Particles having approximately 750 μm or 2.5 mm were prepared from the following lipid-based matrices: cocoa butter, fractionated palm kernel oil (FPKO), chocolate, beeswax, carnauba wax, and paraffi...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of oven and traditional roasting on the polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, lipid quality, proximate composition and mineral content of fermented cocoa beans. Results showed that traditional roasting significantly decrease (p < 0.05) the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of cocoa beans. The analysis of oil showed that oven ...

The rheology of β V / I cocoa butter crystal melt suspensions (CB CMS) was investigated directly after crystallization using in-line capillary rheometry (UVP-PD) as well tempering at zero deformation off-line (CR) and rotational (RR). CB CMS thixotropy quantified by RR revealing that structure build up processes were not equilibrium 18 h, whereas decay occurred mainly in the first 10 s measurem...

Stu~1ies on ,the mechanism of stereoselectivity of chromIUm tncarbonyl catalysts -with model com~ounds provided the basis for the preparation of sImulated fats. These synthetic fats were prepared by .taking advantage of the unique property of chromIUm carbonyl complexes to catalyze hydrogenation of polyunsaturates to cis-~onoui.I­ saturates. Oils simulating the composition of peanut oil were pr...