the major aim of this study was to examine and analyze english language teaching in kindergartens. to this end, 22 kindergartens were selected in mashhad. they were observed and teachers were interviewed. the results demonstrate that these kindergartens lack sufficient room and facilities to meet learners needs, they lack any comprehensive teaching curriculum. teachers are not highly qualified,...

As modeling and simulation (M&S) applications and real-world systems become increasingly complex and automated, more reliance will be placed upon the computer system to assist and direct the human operator in the operation, use, and manipulation of the system. To acquire and utilize the information included in a M&S environment that is an accurate portrayal of even a modest real-world operation...

One way of assessing the usability of a computer system is to make reasonable assumptions about users' cognition and to analyse how they can be expected to work with the system, using their knowledge and information from the display to achieve their goals. This is the approach taken in Programmable User Modelling Analysis, a technique for predictive usability evaluation of interactive systems. ...

This paper studies cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks where secondary users collect local energy statistics and report their findings to a secondary base station, i.e., a fusion center. First, the average error probability is quantitively analyzed to capture the dynamic nature of both observation and fusion channels, assuming fixed amplifier gains for relaying local statis...

Plan recognition, cognitive workload estimation and human assistance have been extensively studied in the AI and human factors communities, resulting in many techniques being applied to domains of various levels of realism. These techniques have seldom been integrated and evaluated as complete systems. In this paper, we report on the development of an assistant agent architecture that integrate...