Sensing a sudden change of the growth temperature, all living organisms produce heat shock proteins or cold shock proteins to adapt to a given temperature. In a heat shock response, the heat shock sigma factor plays a major role in the induction of heat shock proteins including molecular chaperones and proteases, which are well-conserved from bacteria to human. In contrast, no such a sigma fact...

During cellular adaptation to low temperature, Escherichia coli transiently synthesizes the major cold-shock protein CspA. It was found that adaptation to cold shock is blocked when the 143-base sequence of the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of the cspA mRNA is overproduced. The overproduction of this UTR at 15 degrees C caused the synthesis of not only CspA but also other cold-shock proteins ...

We have investigated the effect of overproducing each of the three cold shock proteins (CspL, CspP, and CspC) in the mesophilic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum NC8. CspL overproduction transiently alleviated the reduction in growth rate triggered by exposing exponentially growing cells to cold shock (8 degrees C), suggesting that CspL is involved in cold adaptation. The strain ove...

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii infection. R. rickettsii can be transmitted to mammals, including humans, through the bite of an infected hard-bodied tick of the family Ixodidae. Since the R. rickettsii genome contains only one cold-shock-like protein and given the essential nature of cold-shock proteins in other bacteria, the structure of the cold-shock-like pro...

Elevated temperature induces a rapid heat shock transcription factor (HSFs)-mediated expression of heat shock (hsp) genes. The effect of cold exposure on hsp gene expression has hardly been investigated, although ectothermic animals experience both cold and heat stress. We have previously shown in zebrafish that the expression of hsf1a and a unique isoform hsf1b vary in a tissue-specific manner...

Hyaluronidase release was used as an index of acrosomal membrane damage during cold shock of epididymal boar sperm and ejaculated sperm from intact and vesiculectomized boars. Sperm were also incubated with seminal plasma from intact and vasectomized boars to examine the contributions of male accessory gland secretions. Acrosomal membranes of epididymal sperm were more resistant to cold shock t...

Metabolic profiling analyses were performed to determine metabolite temporal dynamics associated with the induction of acquired thermotolerance in response to heat shock and acquired freezing tolerance in response to cold shock. Low-M(r) polar metabolite analyses were performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eighty-one identified metabolites and 416 unidentified mass spectral tags,...

Dense Silicon nitride was investigated to determine the effect of its microstructural parameters and densification on thermo-mechanical properties and thermal stress resistance to fracture initiation during a hot or cold mechanical and thermal shock testing. The different materials and microstructures were obtained by changing the parameters such as the type of the powder, additive, forming p...

background: finding shows that there were several problems in the treatment of helicobacter pylori infection such as the emergence of resistance to the antibiotics, the risk of recrudescence, and the high cost of treatment. the ineffectiveness of conventional treatment mechanisms against cancer cells reveals the importance of peptides as a novel therapeutic approach. however, the short length o...