The inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) have undergone significant declines in water quality following European settlement (approx. 1870 AD). However, direct evidence of impacts on coral assemblages is limited by a lack of historical baselines prior to the onset of modern monitoring programmes in the early 1980s. Through palaeoecological reconstructions, we report a previously undocum...

Ground surface subsidence resulting from the March 1992 JUNCTION underground nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) imaged by satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) wholly occurred during a period of several months after the shot (Vincent et al., 1999) and after the main cavity collapse event. A significant portion of the subsidence associated with the small (less than 20...

As nuclear families have become increasingly less stable over the past quarter century, married couples have been faced with the difficult task of negotiating the terms by which marriage is ended. For parents, divorce involves questions revolving around the care and sustenance of children. In this paper we investigate whether observed divorce settlements indicate that parents make trade-offs in...

The collapse resulted in the media’s search for immediate answers to the following two questions; why did the bridge collapse and who is to blame? Speculative answers to the first question were proposed by the “Average Joe” and structural engineering experts alike, and involved the usual suspects; the growth from microscopic to catastrophic lengths of undetected cyclic load-induced fatigue crac...

In tunnel excavation with boring machines, the face is supported to avoid collapse and minimise settlement. This article proposes use of reinforcement learning, specifically deep Q-network algorithm, predict support pressure. The algorithm uses a neural network make decisions based on expected rewards each action. approach tested both analytically numerically. By using soil properties ahead ove...

Gypseous soil exhibits problematic geotechnical engineering properties as they expand, collapse, disperse, undergo excessive settlement, owns a distinct lack of strength, and it is soluble. has metastable structure, with dissolvable minerals minimal quantity clay binding the particles together. When gypseous unsaturated, are quite potent. subjected to increased wetness, however, excess water we...

This paper considers the economic and environmental impacts of emerging regional commerce that accompanied the rise and collapse of early Near Eastern urbanism. We integrate regional data on settlement and vegetation with detailed evidence of rural agriculture from two Bronze Age villages in the Jordan Valley. This approach is explicitly rural, in light of the largely rural character of Levanti...