in this paper, we consider a stochastic time-cost tradeoff problem (tctp) in pert networks for project management, in which all activities are subjected to a linear cost function and assumed to be exponentially distributed. the aim of this problem is to maximize the project completion probability with a pre-known deadline to a predefined probability such that the required additional cost is min...

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the difference between depth data from an intraoral cone and a conventional irradiation tube calculated using a treatment planning system (TPS), and that measured using an intraoral cone for electron radiotherapy. Background: A TPS is only compatible with conventional irradiation tubes. However, such systems are not suitable for determining dose distributions wh...

Conventional dose calculation algorithms, such as Pencil Beam are proven effective for tumors located in homogeneous regions with similar tissue consistency such as the brain. However, these algorithms tend to overestimate the dose distribution in extracranial regions such as in the lung and head and neck regions where large inhomogeneities exist. Due to the inconsistencies seen in current calc...