BACKGROUND Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction is commonly performed in major league pitchers, but little is known about pitching performance after a return to major league play. HYPOTHESIS Pitching performance after ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction returns to baseline by the second season after surgery. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS Dat...

BACKGROUND Ulnar collateral ligament injury and its subsequent surgical reconstruction are some of the most common issues among Major League Baseball (MLB) players. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to determine factors predictive of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) among MLB pitchers. The hypothesis was that pitchers who underwent UCLR would have higher preinjur...

INTRODUCTION Fracture dislocations of the elbow appear extremely complex. Identification of the basic injury patterns can facilitate management. CASE PRESENTATION A 38-year-old male motor-vehicle driver who fell on his right elbow after an accident was suffering from posterior dislocation of the elbow, without coronoid fracture, and with fracture of the radial head and olecranon, and medial c...

OBJECTIVES Ligaments which heal spontaneously have a healing process that is similar to skin wound healing. Menopause impairs skin wound healing and may likewise impair ligament healing. Our purpose in this study was to investigate the effect of surgical menopause on ligament healing in a rabbit medial collateral ligament model. METHODS Surgical menopause was induced with ovariohysterectomy s...

BACKGROUND The medial collateral ligament provides valgus stability to the elbow. The purpose of the present study was to describe the pathoanatomy of acute traumatic medial collateral ligament ruptures and to report the rationale and results of direct repair. METHODS Between 1996 and 2006, eleven athletes presented with acute rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow and no hist...

Reconstruction of the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee is essential to restore knee joint function. Controversy exists regarding a standardized nomenclature, the connective attachments and the relationships between them, and the frequency of occurrence among all structures of the PLC. Thirty human cadaveric knee specimens were investigated. The lateral collateral ligament, popliteus tend...

The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomy and characterize the biomechanics of the posterolateral aspect of the canine knee. Ten adult canine knees were each used for anatomy and biomechanical testing. Distances and motion limits were measured using a 6 degree-of-freedom electromagnetic tracking system. Canine knee dissection reproducibly identified structures present in the human p...

The medial collateral ligament complex is the primary constraint of the elbow to valgus forces and is composed of the anterior bundle, the posterior bundle, and a transverse part. Total and partial ruptures have been described. Clinical and radiologic examinations of medial or valgus instability of the elbow are difficult. The effect of different stages of medial collateral ligament ruptures on...

BACKGROUND While the anatomy of the medial part of the knee has been described qualitatively, quantitative descriptions of the attachment sites of the main medial knee structures have not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to verify the qualitative anatomy of medial knee structures and to perform a quantitative evaluation of their anatomic attachment sites as well as their rela...