In the event of obstructive coronary artery disease, collateral arteries have been deemed an alternative blood source to preserve myocardial tissue perfusion and function. Monocytes play an important role in modulating this process, by local secretion of growth factors and extracellular matrix degrading enzymes. Extensive efforts have focused on developing compounds for augmenting the growth of...

PURPOSE To assess the visualization of the retinal microvasculature with intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) compared to the Retinal Function Imager (RFI). DESIGN Multicenter, retrospective, observational case series. METHODS Seven normal eyes and 26 eyes with various ocular diseases were imaged with both IVFA and the RFI. The ability to assess vessel loops, vertical collateral vesse...

BACKGROUND Coronary collaterals are an alternative source of blood supply to myocardium jeopardized by ischaemia. Well-developed coronary collateral arteries in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) mitigate myocardial infarcts and improve survival. METHODS AND RESULTS Collateral arteries preventing myocardial ischaemia during brief vascular occlusion are present in 1/3 of patients with...

Retinal vessels of 18 adult domestic cats were successfully embolized with graded glass microspheres, and the resultant vascular changes were monitored clinically by ophthalmoscopy. At specific times the cats were killed, their eyes were enucleated, and digest preparations of the vessels were made from each retina. The preparations were examined microscopically, and any alterations in vasculatu...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In patients with severe obstruction of the internal carotid artery (ICA), it is recognized that the preoperative failure to visualize collaterals of the circle of Willis increases the risk of hemispheric ischemia before, during, and after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of CEA on the anatomy and function of the circl...

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the pathogenetic predictors of collateral channels in a large cohort of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND The frequency distribution of collateral flow in patients with CAD is unknown. Only small qualitative studies have investigated which factors influence the development of collateral channels. METHODS In 450 patients with one- to th...

Methods: We analyzed the 267 consecutive patients who underwent PCI for CTO. In 119 patients, the distal portion of total occlusion was filled with ipsilateral collateral connections (ipsilateral group), and in 103 patients, it was filled with contralateral collateral connections (contralateral group). The target vessel diameter and dilatation rates of the groups were evaluated and compared for...

The authors present a single-institutional experience with intrahepatic collateral vessel recanalization as a treatment option in symptomatic Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Over a period of 26 months, this procedure was performed in four symptomatic patients in whom standard hepatic vein recanalization was not feasible or had failed, with a follow-up duration ranging from 7 to 44 months. Based on ...

Coronary collaterals may not be apparent during routine coronary angiography or during coronary angioplasty as a result of a variety of physiologic and anatomic factors.‘-” The dynamic nature of the collateral circulation has been demonstrated by newly appearing angiographic collaterals during contralateral vessel occlusion.3 An elevated coronary occlusion wedge pressure during angioplasty ball...