in this research, different concentrations of xanthan and lepidium perfoliatum seed gums (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%) were used to improve the quality and shelf-life of chiffon cake. for this purpose, specific gravity and apparent viscosity of batter, and the volume, specific volume, moisture, sensory and texture properties, crumb and crust color were examined. to investigate the effect of gums on the s...

Introduction: Defining the nature of the early crust on Mars remains a challenging problem due to the breadth of time and processes that have acted upon it. Concepts of planetary evolution and geophysical modeling suggest that primary crust may have originally formed during cooling of a magma ocean or by serial magmatism [1]. Most consider this early crust to have been broadly basaltic in compo...

[1] We produced a geologic/geomorphologic map of the Chaac-Camaxtli region of Io’s leading anti-Jovian hemisphere using regional resolution (186 m/pixel) Galileo imaging data collected during orbit I27 (February 2000) integrated with lower resolution (1.4 km/ pixel) color data, along with other Galileo imaging and spectral data. This is the first regional map of Io made from Galileo data. Nine ...

crust breaking of saffron is an important operation at the first stage of growth that should be accuratly operated as in this period sprouts of saffron rise up to near the soil surface. after primary irrigation, farmers soften the soil surface by means of different cultivation implements, which enables saffron flowers arise from subsurfarce. this research was conducted to compare tillage implem...

the deep internal structure of the crust can be determined using appropriate seismic and electromagnetic methods. the natural source magnetotelluric (mt) method is the most suitable electromagnetic technique for probing into the deep crust. a long period magnetotelluric data set obtained in the southern chilean andes is investigated in this paper. dimensionality analysis shows that the data may...

in this study, we used teleseismic data which was recorded by 5 stations (dhr, ghg, kom, lin and vis) of the kermanshah seismic network from 2003 to 2007 with mb?5.5 and epicentral distances from 30° to 95°. the crustal structure beneath these stations was determined by the modeling of the p receiver functions. the main phases, which were observed in our final p receiver functions, are moho con...

R-modes in neutron stars with crusts are damped by viscous friction at the crust-core boundary. The magnitude of this damping, evaluated by Bildsten and Ushomirsky (BU) under the assumption of a perfectly rigid crust, sets the maximum spin frequency for a neutron star spun up by accretion in a Low-Mass X-ray binary (LMXB). In this paper we explore the mechanical coupling between the core r-mode...