BACKGROUND The current cigarette market is heavily focused on low-income and middle-income countries. Branding of tobacco products is key to establishing and maintaining a customer base. Greater restrictions on marketing and advertising of tobacco products create an incentive for companies to focus more on branding via the product itself. We consider how tobacco sticks are used for communicativ...

Previous research has suggested that the normal development of communicative functions proceeds from the directing or "instrumental" types to the informative or "heuristic" types with age. This paper describes a cross-sectional study of communicative function in children with profound hearing loss and children with normal hearing, from ages 12-54 months. The children with hearing loss were lear...

The aim of this paper is to use models communicative competence for designing a scale assessing competence. first part the defines communication, as well Furthermore, are presented, similarities and differences between them. Based on presented competence, authors propose students' This encompasses all components that relevant Also, an example activity through which students can be tested presen...

Individual utterances often serve multiple communicative purposes in dialogue. We present a data-driven approach for identification of multiple dialogue acts in single utterances in the context of dialogue systems with limited training data. Our approach results in significantly increased understanding of user intent, compared to two strong baselines.

This paper deals with determination of a penalty matrix that should represent differences between various communicative functions. These are supposed to describe expressivity that can occur in expressive speech and were designed to fit a limited domain of conversations between seniors and a computer on a given topic. The penalty matrix is assumed to increase a rate of the expressivity perceptio...

The Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) study is a birth cohort study that investigates the influence of allergen exposure on the development of allergy and asthma in the first several years of life. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between a family history of allergy and/or asthma and exposure of newborn children to mite and pet allergen...

BACKGROUND The present paper discusses the lexical and grammatical peculiarities of English language medical case reports, taking into account their communicative purposes and intentions. METHODS The objective of the research is to clarify the principal mechanisms of producing an effective English language medical case report and thus to provide recommendations and guidelines for medical prof...

Till date, English as a Second Language (ESL) educators involved in teaching language and communication to engineering students face an uphill task in developing graduate communicative competency. This challenge is accentuated by the apparent lack of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) materials for engineering students in the engineering curriculum. As such, most ESL educators are forced to pl...

With the advent of communicative language teaching, textbook evaluation has received a considerable attention over the last two decades. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the evaluation of newlydeveloped textbooks for junior high schools in Iran; therefore, this paper aimed to evaluate the Iranian junior high school new textbook "Prospect" and its old version Right Path to Engl...