1 – introductiontourism is a powerful force of change in the economy in both the developed and in the least developed countries. due to the formation of the concept of sustainable development, tourism industry as well as like other industries has been seeking ways to further alignment with the concept. sustainable tourism as a form of alternative tourism, is seeking to improve the quality of li...

The concept of community participation gained universal attention with its formalization in the Alma Ata Conference focusing on Primary Health Care held in 1978. Thereafter the concept has attracted many a health planners, activists and policy makers. Following Alma Ata declaration, global frameworks on health, especially the Ottawa charter for Health promotion, 1986 and Jakarta Declaration, 19...

the change in the concept of social development over the last few decades, from the physical aspects to human dimensions has increased women’s participation in socio-economic activities and enhancement of their capabilities has been regarded as key strategies in sustainable development. the present study attempts to achieve the following objective: investigation of the impacts of ngo’s activiti...

Central to the community-based rehabilitation (CBR) approach is the concept of community participation. While many projects are based on the CBR approach, it is not evident how many CBR projects indeed use and measure community participation. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively analyse the extent of evaluation of community participation in CBR studies evaluated over the last thirty y...

Despite descriptions of many community participation programs in the literature, few authors have attempted to devise systematic methods by which the nature and extent of community participation can be assessed. The present article, based upon work conducted in Bogota, Colombia, in recent years, presents a method for making an assessment of this kind. This method calls for evaluating communit...

social development undoubtedly requires people participation in different domains. it seems without participation, we cannot achieve a people-centered, inclusive and sustainable social development. in the social development process, all citizens with various ethnic and religious interests are able to affect on all the social phenomena and variables, based on their competencies and mental capaci...