Host molecules with U-shaped receptor cavities have been derivatized at their convex side with two n-hydrocarbon tails (1), two first-generation (2), and two second-generation (3) monodendritic hydrocarbon tails. Although hosts 1 and 2 display plastic-crystalline behavior, evidence suggests that host 3 forms a cubic liquid-crystalline phase. In this phase, molecules of 3 are arranged in spheric...

Understanding the composition of complex hydrocarbon mixtures is important for environmental studies in a variety of fields, but many prevalent compounds cannot be confidently identified using traditional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. This work uses vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) ionization to elucidate the structures of a traditionally "unresolved complex mixture" by separ...

The deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi forms large aggregations at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico that may persist for over 250 y. Here, we present the results of a diagenetic model in which tubeworm aggregation persistence is achieved through augmentation of the supply of sulfate to hydrocarbon seep sediments. In the model, L. luymesi releases the sulfate generat...

Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination of ground water is a significant and often complex problem. The complexity results from the fact that ground-water contamination is a product of soil contamination. Especially with older spills, significant amounts of hydrocarbons can be trapped below the water table. Traditional pump and treat is ineffective because of the low solubility of trapped oily phas...

Abstract The characterization of contaminated sites is a serious issue that requires number techniques to be deployed in the field reconstruct geometry, hydraulic properties and state contamination shallow subsurface, often at hundreds meter scale with metric resolution. Among have been proposed complement direct investigations (composed drilling, sampling, laboratory characterization) are geop...

Machine learning has proven effective for predicting properties of pure compounds from molecular structures, but mixtures, in particular oil fractions, are rarely dealt with. At best, the bulk estimated based on compound properties, linear mixing rules, and a reconstructed composition feedstock. As detailed such mixtures is well determined often approximated by lumps, accuracy can be improved. ...