A concrete block retaining wall is supported by its weight. This structure has some advantages, including lower construction costs, a water-permeable that produces less water pressure behind the wall, and more flexible because it can follow ground's contours. Rankine's theory usually used to design this wall. According theory, failure pattern forms an angle of 450 + • /2 with horizontal plane. ...

Abstract This paper investigates the performance of four multi-objective optimization algorithms, namely non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), particle swarm (MOPSO), strength Pareto evolutionary (SPEA2), and multi-verse (MVO), in developing an optimal reinforced concrete cantilever (RCC) retaining wall. The wall design was based on two major requirements: geotechnical stability...

composite concrete-steel plate shear walls are the most critical resisting structural members that resist lateral and axial loads. This type of wall consisting of two steel faceplates presenting the outer skin, infill concrete and shear connectors which are used to provide the composite action of the steel faceplates with infill concrete in order to increase the strength and to reduce the local...

Calculation of lateral earth pressure on retaining walls is one of the main issues in geotechnics. The upper and lower bound theorems of plasticity are used to analyze the stability of geotechnical structures include bearing capacity of foundations, lateral earth pressure on retaining walls and factor of safety of slopes. In this paper formulation of finite element limit analysis is introduced ...

having observed the costly failures of different cutoff walls, that had been constructed according to the mix design specified by reputable consultants in iran, a research programme was conducted to study the effects of constituent materials on the properties of plastic concrete. the main properties, such as compressive strength, biaxial and triaxial strains, permeability, and modulus of elasti...

Dolgu uygulaması karayolu ve demiryolu inşaatlarında sıklıkla karşılaşılan bir uygulamadır. Bu çalışmada dolgu stabilizasyonunu sağlamak amacıyla yapılan geleneksel sanat yapılarından olan betonarme istinat duvarı ile geosentetik (geogrid) donatılı yapısı maliyet, yapım süresi, hizmete açılma estetiklik hizmet ömrü kriterleri dikkate alınarak karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Mukayesele...

Dual systems of steel moment frame and reinforced concrete shear wall have combined the advantages of steel frames and reinforced concrete shear wall. These walls have increased the lateral stiffness of steel frames and have reduced seismic demands on steel frames thus providing opportunities to use such system. In this research intermediate dual system of steel moment frame was chosen with int...