Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) technology poses great promise as an alternative to significantly reduce the environmental impact of transport sector’s emissions. However, hydrogen is relatively new, therefore, confirmation reliability and safety analysis still required, particularly for fire scenarios within confined spaces such tunnels. This study applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ...

Abstract Conversion of perennial grasslands to crop land in U.S. Northern Plains has resulted a need evaluate alternative management strategies for cow-calf production. A 3-yr study was conducted compare beef cow/calf performance two different August-calving cow systems. Multiparous cows (n = 318) were allocated 8 replicates, and replicate randomly assigned drylot (DL) or pasture (PAST) treatme...

Flows of cells growing as a quasimonolayer in a confined space can exhibit streaming, with narrow streams of fast-moving cells flowing around clusters of slowly moving cells. We observed and analyzed this phenomenon experimentally for E. coli bacteria proliferating in a microfluidic cell trap using time-lapse microscopy. We also performed continuum modeling and discrete-element simulations to e...

The diffusion of a pulse of small grains in an horizontal rotating drum is studied through discrete elements methods simulations. We present a theoretical analysis of the diffusion process in a one-dimensional confined space in order to elucidate the effect of the confining end-plate of the drum. We then show that the diffusion is neither subdiffusive nor superdiffusive but normal. This is demo...