In this paper we study the controllability of an artificial advection-diffusion system through the boundary. Suitable Carleman estimates give us the observability on the adjoint system in the one dimensional case. We also study some basic properties of our problem such as backward uniqueness and we get an intuitive result on the control cost for vanishing viscosity. Introduction Artificial adve...

We compare the physical potential V(D)(R) of an external quark-antiquark pair in the representation D of SU(N), to the color-Coulomb potential V(coul)(R) which is the instantaneous part of the 44-component: of the gluon propagator in Coulomb-gauge D44(x-->,t)=V(coul)(|x-->|)delta(t)+(noninstantaneous). We show that if V(D)(R) is confining, lim(V(D)(R)=+ infinity, as is believed to hold in the a...

From the frontier of this paper, unless specified something else, let it be agreed that all groups into consideration are p-primary abelian for some arbitrary but fixed prime p written additively as is the custom when dealing with abelian group theory. The present short note is a contribution to a recent flurry of our results in [6]. Standardly, all notions and notations are essentially the sam...

For the past several years, there has been a lot of work in modelling complex simulations pertaining to motion of gases. In the work of [Fedkiw et al., 2001], a new approach to numerically simulate smoke was developed which incorporates the model proposed by Steinhoff and Underhill [Steinhoff and Underhill, 1994] known as “vorticity confinement”. Passive advection of smoke particles is consider...

proton transfer (pt) and methyl group transfer (mgt) occurring in small biomimetic systems, formamide-formamidic acid (fa-fi), and n-formyl-n-methylformamide-(e)-methyl n-formylformimidate (nmfa-nmfi) are investigated in the gas phase and in single-walled carbon nanotubes by using the density functional theory and the oniom approach. it is shown that pt reaction is disfavoured in single-walled ...

reliable stress-strain behavior of concrete is necessary particularly when a member is subjected to combine bending and axial load and confinement effects should be accounted for. a unified theory for confinement of circular hollow sections is proposed herein, that can be extended to the case of solid and noncircular sections. the main aim of the model is to trace step-by-step the evolution of ...

A brief and biased overview of the phenomenon of confinement in QCD is presented in three parts: (1) the definition of confinement, (2) properties of confinement, (3) ideas of confinement. The second part chiefly consists of a brief review of recent lattice computations related to confinement while the third summarizes some of the current analytical approaches to understanding confinement. Thes...

In this article, perfectly matched layer (PML) for the boundary treatment and an efficient compact two dimensional finite-difference frequency-domain (2-D FDFD) method were combined to model photonic crystal fibers (PCF). For photonic crystal fibers, if we assume that the propagation constant along the propagation direction is fixed, three-dimensional hybrid guided modes can be calculated by us...

An experimental study of the effect of silt and influence of cell confinement on the bearing capacity of circular footings on silty sand was carried out. Laboratory experiments on clean sand and sand containing silt up to 25 % were performed. Cells with different heights and diameters were used to confine the silty sand. The effect of proportion of silt in sand, cell diameter, cell height and t...

in this paper, the electronic eigenstates and energy spectra of single and two-interacting electrons confined in a concentric double quantum rings with a perpendicular magnetic field in the presence of         on-center donor and acceptor impurities are calculated using the exact diagonalization method. for a single electron case, the binding energy of on-center donor and acceptor impurities ar...